10 results
Hypocalcemia Workup - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Low Magnesium, High Magnesium - Functional Hypoparathyroidism
 • High
Hypocalcemia Workup ... - Differential ... Magnesium, High ... Magnesium - Functional ... #calcium
Chvostek Sign on Physical Exam

Young man presented with history of fatigue, muscle cramps and features suggestive
total and ionized calcium ... low Malnourished ... Serum magnesium ... Clinical #Video #Hypocalcemia ... #endocrinology
Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Low and High Phosphate
LOW PHOSPHATE
 - Low/NormaI PTH
Hypocalcemia - Differential ... Activating Mutation in Calcium ... Poisoning #Hypocalcemia ... #Differential # ... Algorithm #Phosphate #endocrinology
Hypocalcemia - Diagnosis and Management
PTH Independent (↑ PTH)
 • LOW VIT D
    -
Hypocalcemia - Diagnosis ... Independent (↑ PTH) • LOW ... Syndrome - Calcium ... Diagnosis #Management #endocrinology ... #differential #
Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis
Renal Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Familial:
Bartter syndrome and Gitelman syndrome, Isolated recessive hypomagnesemia,
Hypomagnesemia - Differential ... with secondary, hypocalcemia ... Hypomagnesemia #differential ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology ... #magnesium #low
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
potassium(K) & magnesium ... consumption • Low ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential ... #potassium #nephrology ... #low
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased intake (rare cause in isolation)
GI loss - Urine loss
Causes of Hypokalemia ... - Differential ... Gittelman's syndrome • Magnesium ... artery stenosis Low ... #Nephrology #Differential
Causes of Hypocalcemia by Clinical Cause

Acute illness: pancreatitis, tumor lysis, severe illness - Secondary hyperparathyroidism from
hyperparathyroidism from low ... circulating calcium ... Neck surgery - Low ... #Causes #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Endocrinology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
alkalosis • Normal or low ... Hypocalciuria (spot urine, calcium-creatinine ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... • Potassium • Magnesium ... Syndrome #diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of Constipation in Adults
Most common
 - Inadequate fiber or fluid intake
 - Poor bowel habits
Systemic
- Metabolic: hypokalemia ... porphyria - Neurologic ... Diuretics - Calcium ... Psychotropics - Calcium ... Constipation #Causes #Differential