8 results
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
- Urinary Chloride ... alkalosis • Normal/low ... of sodium and potassium ... #Urinary #Chloride ... #differential #
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
(K) & magnesium( ... consumption • Low ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential ... #potassium #nephrology ... #low
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... intake • Metabolic ... secreting tumor, Primary ... Algorithm #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Alkalosis: Differential ... > 20 meq/L • Primary ... other • Severe potassium ... #Alkalosis #Differential ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential ... pH Calculate Urinary ... Chloride Intoxication ... NonAnionGap #Acidosis #Metabolic ... #NAGMA #Differential
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
alkalosis • Normal or low ... Hypochloremic metabolic ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... Supplement: • Potassium ... • Magnesium
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
 • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
osmotic diuresis, Potassium ... Hypercalcemic states, Primary ... Hypomagnesemia #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #nephrology ... #magnesium #low
Metabolic Causes of Kidney Stones in Children
 • Calcium Oxalate: Primary Hyperoxaluria type 1-3, Secondary Hyperoxaluria
Metabolic Causes ... Calcium Oxalate: Primary ... Syndrome type 1-4, Lowe ... Kidney #Stones #pediatrics ... #nephrology #differential