515 results
Oxygen Saturation - Measurement Techniques and Limitations
 • Sp02 - Cutaneous pulse oximeter
 • SaO2 Calculated
Limitations • Sp02 ... pulse oximeter • SaO2 ... ABG device • SaO2 ... #Measurement #pulmonary
Right Heart Catheterization Cheat Sheet: Interpretation of Pressures and Waveforms 
Direct measurements
 ● Central venous pressure
measurements ● Central ... pressures (RA, RV) ● Pulmonary ... pressure (PAp) ● Pulmonary ... – CVP]/CO) ● Pulmonary ... x 13.4 x Hb x SaO2
Hypoxia and Hypoxemia - Overview
Hypoxia - insufficient oxygen delivered to tissues to meet demands
Hypoxemia - low
measured on ABG) SaO2 ... output) - Low SvO2 ... Low CaO2 → Low SvO2 ... Hypoxemia #summary #pulmonary ... #differential #
Clues to Differential Diagnosis of Central Cyanosis: Onset of cyanosis, Clubbing, Secondary erythrocytosis, Auscultation, X-ray, Echocardiography,
Clues to Differential ... Diagnosis of Central ... heart defect - Pulmonary ... diseases - Pulmonary ... #Diagnosis #Central
Differentiating Features Between Central and Peripheral Cyanosis

Mechanism - Arterial destauration
Sites - Skin, mucous membrane of oral
Features Between Central ... Oxygen therapy - Pulmonary ... Arterial blood gas - pO2 ... Arterial blood gas - pO2 ... #Cyanosis #Central
Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: Management Principles

General Therapeutic Principles:
Reduce the congestive state 
 - Caution
Management Principles General ... preload excessively Control ... blood pressure - Central ... blood pressure control ... hypertension, pulmonary
Central distribution is seen in sarcoidosis and cardiogenic pulmonary edema.
Peripheral distribution is mainly seen in cryptogenic
Central distribution ... and cardiogenic pulmonary ... Diagnosis #Radiology #Pulmonary ... HRCT #ChestCT #Differential ... #Distribution #Central
Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO). Positive "spot sign" on Ocular Ultrasound

78 yo M with sudden onset
Central retinal ... Positive "spot sign ... MaimoUltrasound #CRAO #Central
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion (CRAO)
Clinical:
 • Sudden, painless, complete loss of vision 
 • Pale retina
Central Retinal ... • Cherry red spot ... isosorbide) #Central
Causes of Hypoxemia- Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Ventilation/perfusion Mismatch
 • Airway Disease (Asthma, COPD)
 • Vascular (PE*)
 •
of Hypoxemia- Differential ... lung disease • Pulmonary ... Septal Defect Pulmonary ... • Atelectasis Central ... Hypoxemia #Hypoxia #Differential