27 results
The Diagnostic Approach to Hyperkalemia
Drugs
 - Amiloride
 - Spironolactone
 - Triamterene
 - Trimethoprim
 - Pentamidine
 -
inhibitors Other causes ... High Renin - Primary ... adrenal insufficiency ... Ketoconazole Low ... #Hyperkalemia #Algorithm
Causes of Adrenal Insufficiency - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ACTH-Dependent (Secondary):
 • Pituitary Dysfunction
 • Hypothalamic Dysfunction
ACTH-Independent (Primary):
Causes of Adrenal ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... : • Pituitary Dysfunction ... • Hypothalamic Dysfunction ... ACTH-Independent (Primary
Adrenal Insufficiency Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Clinical suspicion: Weakness, fatigue, nausea, musculoskeletal pain, dizziness, volume depletion, abdominal pain,
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Weakness, fatigue, nausea ... Baseline plasma ACTH Low ... baseline ACTH - Primary ... • Low or normal
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
inhibitors - Primary ... tubular dysfunction ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low ... Magnesium #Table #Classification ... #Causes #Workup
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm ... wasting from other causes ... causes • Laxative ... syndrome, Congenital adrenal ... consumption • Low
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Extra-renal Losses ... secreting tumor, Primary ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #potassium
Adrenal Insufficiency Diagnosis Algorithm - Evaluation of HPA Axis Response to ACTH

Early am cortisol < 3
Adrenal Insufficiency ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... unclear (often the case ... AI - Low = secondary ... Insufficiency #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Low intake 
• poor oral intake 

Renal loss 
• Medication 
• Hypomagnesemia 
•
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Low intake ... oral intake Renal ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes #Classification
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... hyperaldosteronism • High PRA: Renal ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Nephrology #Causes
Hyponatremia Diagnosis Algorithm
UOsm ≥ POsm - Vasopressin-Dependent
 • UNa < 20 mEq/L - Appropriate (↓ EABV)
Hyponatremia Diagnosis Algorithm ... Vasopressin-independent - Consider: Primary ... polydipsia, Low ... solute intake, Renal ... #causes #nephrology