24 results
Retinoblastoma: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Sporadic mutation -> One allele of RB1 tumor suppressor gene
Retinoblastoma Signs / Symptoms ... partial retinal red reflex ... Retinoblastoma #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... diagnosis #signs #symptoms
Periorbital Cellulitis: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Definitions:
a. Dacryoadenitis: infection of the lacrimal glands
b. Conjunctivitis: inflammation of the
normal: - extra-ocular ... - pupillary reflex ... Periorbital #Cellulitis #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... diagnosis #signs #symptoms
The Neurological Evaluation of a Comatose Patient

Definition:
 • Coma: a state of unresponsiveness; the absence of
• Mutism Pathophysiology ... • Vestibulo-ocular ... reflex • Gag ... reflex • Cough ... #PhysicalExam #neurology
Orbital Cellulitis: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Definitions:
a. Chemosis: Edema of the bulbar conjunctiva
b. Panopthalmitis: inflammation of all
- Impinges on ocular ... Impaired extra-ocular ... Orbital #Cellulitis #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... diagnosis #signs #symptoms
Xeropthalmia: Pathogenesis and Ocular Manifestations

Decr Visual pigment -> Keratinization, thickening & non-wetting of the conjunctiva
Pathogenesis and Ocular ... #Xeropthalmia #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... diagnosis #signs #symptoms
Acute Spinal Cord Injuries: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Anterior Cord Syndrome -> Anterior spinal artery
bladder and rectal reflex ... Syndromes #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms ... #orthopedics #neurology
Left Abducens Spasm on Physical Exam

A 50 yr male with left facial spasm and diplopia, with
Left Abducens Spasm ... with left facial spasm ... PhysicalExam #clinical #ocular ... #ophthalmology ... #neurology #video
Age Related Macular Degeneration: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Photoreceptor atrophy 
-> Extracellular debris (drusen) from RPE atrophy/metabolism
Age Related Macular ... retina cannot pass ... Amsler grid) - Macular ... MacularDegeneration #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology
Acute Closed Angle Glaucoma: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
OPHTHALMIC EMERGENCY: Early detection is essential, but most patients
lights are a key symptom ... -> crowding of ocular ... blindness Signs / Symptoms ... ClosedAngle #Glaucoma #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
diffuse light reflex ... #Retinopathy #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... diagnosis #signs #symptoms