23 results
Spondylolysis & Spondylolisthesis: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Pars interarticularis stress fracture (spondylolysis) - most frequently in the
S1 => Weakened stability ... XR — scotty dog sign ... Spondylolisthesis #MSK ... #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Labyrinthitis 
Vestibular neuritis + unilateral hearing loss = Labyrinthitis 
1) Vertigo (severe) 
2) Gait instability 
3)
severe) 2) Gait instability ... 3) Nausea, vomiting ... Labyrinthitis #Diagnosis ... #Symptoms #Signs
Femoral Head Fracture: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Posterior hip dislocation -> Impaction force from femoral
onto lateral hip Signs ... : • Inability ... FemoralHead #Fractures #msk ... #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Borderline Personality Disorder: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Behavioral Traits:
 • Unstable Relationships - Alternating extremes of idealization
Mood - Affective instability ... fear of) - Mood instability ... PersonalityDisorder #Diagnosis ... #Psychiatry #Criteria ... #Signs #Symptoms
Humeral Avulsion of the Inferior Glenohumeral Ligament (HAGL)
 • Imaging Findings:
 • Large defect of the
HAGL) can be a cause ... anterior shoulder instability ... GAGL): "Reverse J sign ... shoulder #clinical #mri ... #msk
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
Equina Syndrome Causes ... suspected, immediate MRI ... CaudaEquina #Syndrome #MSK ... pathophysiology #diagnosis ... #symptoms #signs
First Generation Anti-Psychotics: Mechanisms and Side Effects
Typical/Conventional Anti-Psychotics - Examples: Haloperidol, Chlorpromazine

ACh M1 antagonist - Block
Extrapyramidal Symptoms ... , and/or limbs caused ... rigidity, postural instability ... #pharmacology #diagnosis ... #psychiatry
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
→ Syncope • Signs ... /Symptoms: - Lightheadedness ... Exhaustion: • Inability ... Irritability, Emotional instability ... #causes #stroke
Mental Status Exam (MSE)
Note: The MSE is a "snapshot" of a patient at a specific time.
You
Mental Status Exam (MSE ... ) Note: The MSE ... of illness, the symptoms ... caused by it, and ... #psychiatry #diagnosis
Differentiating NBTE from Infective Endocarditis
No pathognomonic signs/symptoms or echo features that are specific to NBTE, and
pathognomonic signs ... /symptoms or echo ... heart valves • MRI ... often seen • MRI ... #table