26 results
Multiple Sclerosis - Summary

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-mediated neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system
Examination: • UMN signs ... Clonus, Babinski’s sign ... • Lhermitte’s sign ... pupillary defect SIGNS ... Signs and symptoms
Pericarditis can be seen on EKG with diffuse ST elevations without reciprocal changes along with diffuse
can be seen on EKG ... in refractory cases ... #Pericarditis #Cardiology ... #Diagnosis #Signs ... #Symptoms
Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) - Clinical Manifestations
 • Optic neuritis: Reduced visual acuity, ranging from mild to
involvement: Intractable nausea ... Other brainstem syndromes ... (e.g. oculomotor ... Manifestations #diagnosis #neurology ... #symptoms #signs
Approach to Headaches - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Red flags (PHANTOMS):
 • Pattern change, progressively worse, papilledema
 •
papilledema • Horner syndrome ... • Meningeal signs ... ) • Systemic symptoms ... and signs (e.g. ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #neurology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
rise or increased lability ... hypertension and signs ... heart failure, neurologic ... renal bruit or signs ... Neurologic disorders
Peri-operative Hyperthermia - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
If prolonged or ≥ 39 C this is a
maintained fever CAUSES ... hyperthermia crisis (late sign ... • Serotonin syndrome ... Phaeochromocytoma Neurologic ... #Differential #Causes
Causes of Peripheral and Central Vertigo
PERIPHERAL VERTIGO
1. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) - Short-lived (typically less
Causes of Peripheral ... without an obvious cause ... (Wallenberg's syndrome ... Syndrome usually ... signs or symptoms
Intraoperative Cardiac Ischaemia - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia

If the patient is unconscious, signs of cardiac
is unconscious, signs ... is conscious, symptoms ... Treat haemodynamic instability ... CM5 continuous ECG ... consultation with cardiology
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
high WBC count cause ... Dehydration • Symptoms ... changes, stroke symptoms ... WBC >100k, + lab signs ... unless worrisome EKG
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
are not caused ... of diagnosis (e.g ... : (distinct symptoms ... Diagnosis #Management #Signs ... #Symptoms