36 results
Spondylolysis & Spondylolisthesis: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Pars interarticularis stress fracture (spondylolysis) - most frequently in the
S1 => Weakened stability ... XR — scotty dog sign ... Spondylolisthesis #MSK ... pathophysiology #signs ... #symptoms
Stress Fracture: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Abnormal biomechanics, Repetitive impact activities
=> Repetitive subthreshold mechanical loading
=> Bone strain
=>
micro-damage exceeds ability ... StressFractures #msk ... pathophysiology #symptoms ... #signs
Femoral Head Fracture: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Posterior hip dislocation -> Impaction force from femoral
onto lateral hip Signs ... /Symptoms/Complications ... : • Inability ... FemoralHead #Fractures #msk ... pathophysiology #signs
Achilles Tendon Rupture - Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • The Achilles tendon is 15cm long in
tendon is 15cm long ... pre-determined etiology Signs ... /Symptoms/Complications ... #symptoms #pathophysiology ... #msk #orthopedics
Management of Serotonin Syndrome
Identify and stop all serotoninergic medications
 • Avoid inadvertent Rx of serotoninergic meds
Management of Serotonin ... normalize vital signs ... illness with VS instability ... then 2 mg q2h if symptoms ... Serotonin #Syndrome #Management
Multiple Sclerosis - Summary

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-mediated neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system
/SYMPTOMS: • CENTRAL ... Signs and symptoms ... Functionally disabling symptoms ... /or cerebellar symptoms ... sclerosis #diagnosis #management
Myasthenic Crisis Checklist - Myasthenia Gravis

Evaluation 
 - Chest X-ray and lung ultrasound (exclude other lung
ultrasound (exclude ... or TSH level if symptoms ... fastest approach to stabilize ... monitoring (vital signs ... MyastheniaGravis #Checklist #Management
Heart failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF)
Clinical Presentation
1. Typical symptoms: dyspnea, orthopnea paroxysmal noctumal dyspnea, fatigue,
Typical symptoms ... Less Typical Symptoms ... : weight gain, lung ... HFrEF may lack lung ... heartfailure #diagnosis #management
Cardiac Event Monitoring Devices - Compared
Ambulatory ECG (Hotter):
 • Advantages: Continuous recording, records asx events, all
needs to keep symptom ... needs to keep symptom ... Advantages: Continuous long ... Limited data on ability ... Comparison #cardiology #management
Post-Transplantation Lymphoproliferative Disorders (PTLD)
Definition: Lymphoid and/or plasmacytic proliferations that occur as a result of immunosuppression in
higher incidence in lung ... Conditioning regimen Signs ... /Symptoms: Typically ... EBV viral load, signs ... oncology #diagnosis #management