15 results
Hoffman's sign. Even in this specific case, accompanied by a clonus outline (rhythmic contractions). The median
Hoffman's sign. ... this specific case ... the patient's middle ... #Hoffmanns #Sign ... #Abnormal #clinical
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
Equina Syndrome Causes ... lumbar spine Signs ... leg reflexes) ... Incontinence • Saddle ... #signs
Pott's Disease in Tuberculosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology:
 - Typically from TB endemic areas
 -
extrapulmonary cases ... Clinical Signs ... years - May have signs ... numbness, decreased reflexes ... tissue damage - CXR
Heart failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF)
Clinical Presentation
1. Typical symptoms: dyspnea, orthopnea paroxysmal noctumal dyspnea, fatigue,
Fraction (HFrEF) Clinical ... More Specific Signs ... Less Specific Signs ... Chest x-ray: signs ... acute HF → no signs
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
Pathogenesis and clinical ... Hypertension Stage ... diffuse light reflex ... ophthalmology #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #complications
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
renal failure Clinical ... e.g. incidental CXR ... Self-limiting, chronic but stable ... ), liver (pain/abnormal ... Diagnosis #Management #Signs
Mastoiditis: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Acute or Chronic Otitis Media -> 
Stage 1: Hyperemeia of the mastoid
Pathogenesis and clinical ... inflammation of middle ... mastoid cavity as middle ... pathophysiology #signs ... #symptoms #diagnosis
Pectus excavatum
In patients with a pectus excavatum the right heart border can be ill-defined, but this
produces a silhouette sign ... atelectasis of the right middle ... helpful in such cases ... #Clinical #Radiology ... #CXR #Pectus #Excavatum
Spinal Cord Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Spinal cord neurological lesion:
Clinical findings:
 • Symptoms and signs below
neurological lesion: Clinical ... and signs below ... injury • Gait is abnormal ... Non-compressive Spinal Cord Causes ... reflexes: Areflexia
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Inflammatory Disease: (i.e. GCA, SLE, GPA) ->
Pathogenesis and clinical ... congenital defects) -> Abnormal ... retinal edema caused ... ophthalmology #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms