41 results
Spondylolysis & Spondylolisthesis: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Pars interarticularis stress fracture (spondylolysis) - most frequently in the
Pathogenesis and Clinical ... vertebrae • CT - collar ... Spondylolisthesis #MSK ... #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
Equina Syndrome Causes ... Incontinence • Saddle ... CaudaEquina #Syndrome #MSK ... #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #symptoms
Mastoiditis: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Acute or Chronic Otitis Media -> 
Stage 1: Hyperemeia of the mastoid
Pathogenesis and clinical ... inflammation of middle ... #Mastoiditis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms ... #diagnosis #otology
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
survival is 93-95% Pathophysiology ... renal failure Clinical ... are not caused ... Self-limiting, chronic but stable ... anterior/posterior MSK
VExUS - Venous Excess Ultrasound Score 

The Venous Excess UltraSound (VExUS) grading system prototypes combining inferior
Venous Excess Ultrasound ... Venous Excess UltraSound ... #Score #Scale # ... IVC #Congestion #Diagnosis ... #POCUS #Clinical
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
Pathogenesis and clinical ... Hypertension Stage ... #Retinopathy #pathophysiology ... ophthalmology #diagnosis ... #signs #symptoms
Scurvy (Vitamin C Deficiency) - Diagnosis and Management

Vitamin C is required for hydroxylation of proline residues
Deficiency) - Diagnosis ... poor nutrition Clinical ... Psychiatric symptoms ... nonimmune hemolysis MSK ... , or any other cause
Trendelenburg Gait: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Skeletal Pathology of the Hip
 • Arthritis
 • Congenital hip dysplasia
Pathogenesis and clinical ... Trendelenburg #Gait #pathophysiology ... #causes #symptoms ... #signs #diagnosis ... #msk
Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy (AFLP)
Pathophysiology:
 • Defect in fetal free fatty acid metabolism products →
Pregnancy (AFLP) Pathophysiology ... postpartum): • Initial symptoms ... = nonspecific (nausea ... Antithrombin Ill • Ultrasound ... ) Differential Diagnosis
Emphysematous Cystitis
Epidemiology:
 • Usually middle-aged diabetic women
 • Other RF: neurogenic bladder, urinary tract outlet obstruction,
Epidemiology: • Usually middle-aged ... immune compromise Clinical ... Signs/Symptoms: ... Pathophysiology: ... KUB or abdominal ultrasound