45 results
Differential diagnosis for toxic/metabolic encephalopathies - Patterns on Brain Imaging

Cynthia Czawlytko, MD @drcyncity

#Differential #diagnosis #encephalopathies #encephalopathy
Differential diagnosis ... - Patterns on Brain ... imaging #patterns #MRI ... #Neurology #pathology ... #diseases #radiology
BEHIND - Stroke Mimics Mnemonic
Brain: Mass, Hemorrhage, Contusion
Epilepsy: Post Ictal State, 
Hyponatremia, Hypogycemia
Intoxication, Infection
Neuro: Migraine, Multiple
Mimics Mnemonic Brain ... Ictal State, Hyponatremia ... Mnemonic #CVA #Neurology ... #Diagnosis #Differential
MRI Brain Sequence Comparison: T1 vs T2 vs FLAIR
T1:
 - CSF is Dark
 - Grey Matter
MRI Brain Sequence ... T1 #T2 #FLAIR #MRI ... #Brain #Comparison ... #clinical #radiology ... #diagnosis #neurology
Causes of Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Unprovoked - Epilepsy:
 • Focal: Simple, Complex
 • Generalized: Absence,
of Seizures - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Encephalitis, Brain ... Hyperglycemia, Hyponatremia ... #Causes #neurology
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemic - Give volume
Hypervolemic (Edematous) - Look for and treat underlying cause
Hyponatremia - Differential ... Stress, Nausea, ... UnremarkableLab #Hyponatremia ... #Differential # ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Hypothyroidism, Stress ... #Causes #nephrology
CNS Ring-Enhancing Lesions - Immunocompromised vs Immunocompetent
Multiple Ring-Enhancing Lesions:
 • Toxoplasmosis (CD4 < 100)
 • Other
Compatible syndrome + MRI ... lesions • 80% with lung ... RingEnhancing #Lesions #Brain ... #differential # ... #radiology #neurology
Pseudobulbar Affect
Characteristics (These episodes usually cause distress and impairment in occupational or social functioning):
 - Extreme
usually cause distress ... Strokes, Traumatic Brain ... Pseudobulbar #Affect #neurology ... #differential # ... diagnosis
Imaging Patterns of Toxic and Metabolic Brain Disorders

Thalami, Mammillary Bodies and Tectum: Wernicke Encephalopathy
Dentate Nuclei: Metronidazole,
and Metabolic Brain ... Pons: ODS #MRI ... Disorders #Clinical #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Radiology ... #Neurology
Algorithm for evaluating multiple ring-enhancing lesions in immunocompetent (HIV negative)

#ringenhancing #lesions #cns #brain #diagnosis #differential #algorithm
#lesions #cns #brain ... #diagnosis #differential ... algorithm #causes #radiology ... #neurology