9 results
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Hypernatremia Diagnosis ... and Workup Step ... • nephrotic syndrome ... #Diagnosis #Workup ... #Algorithm #Nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis Workup ... Hypervolemic: Conn syndrome ... , Cushing syndrome ... Differential #Diagnosis #Workup ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Hypothyroidism, Stress ... , Drugs, Syndrome ... Cardiac failure #Hyponatremia ... Algorithm #Causes #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemic - Give volume
Hypervolemic (Edematous) - Look for and treat underlying cause
Hyponatremia - Differential ... cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome ... Stress, Nausea, ... UnremarkableLab #Hyponatremia ... Algorithm #diagnosis #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis ... and Treatment Hyponatremia ... 3 questions to work ... demyelination syndrome ... Treatment #management #nephrology
Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Type A: Impaired O2 Delivery (DO2)
 • Decreased O2 Delivery: Hypotension
Ischemia, Compartment Syndrome ... Increased O2 Demand: Stress ... Beta-Agonists, ↑ work ... in Short Bowel Syndrome ... Differential #Diagnosis #criticalcare
There are similarities and differences between these 3 conditions which all carry treatment implications. Each mimic
drastically elevates the stress ... with circulating stress ... hormones that work ... for Refeeding Syndrome ... management #treatment #criticalcare
Blood Culture-Negative Infective Endocarditis (BCNIE)
Definition: No etiology found after 3 separate blood cultures remain negative for
microbiological techniques Work-up ... nutritionally variant Strep ... factors: - Serology ... antiphospholipid syndrome ... #differential #workup
Posterior Knee Dislocation Injury
Specifically, POSTERIOR KNEE DISLOCATIONS can have significant associated injury that needs unique approach
Neurologic deficit ... Neurologic injuries ... WORK UP: obtain ... rotation and varus stress ... trauma/vascular/orthopedic