18 results
Spondylolysis & Spondylolisthesis: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Pars interarticularis stress fracture (spondylolysis) - most frequently in the
interarticularis stress ... Stork test) • XR ... — scotty dog sign ... Spondylolisthesis #MSK ... #diagnosis #pathophysiology
Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (TAPVR)
 • Introduction
 • Classification
 • Pathophysiology of TAPVR
 • Presentation
Classification • Pathophysiology ... Classic “snowman sign ... Pre-Operative Management ... Post-Operative Management ... #cardiology #peds
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA): Extra-articular manifestations
Skin: 
 • Inflammation of skin (esp. over areas of stress) forms
over areas of stress ... pleural effusion on CXR ... inflammation tends to cause ... RheumatoidArthritis #RA #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Pott's Disease in Tuberculosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology:
 - Typically from TB endemic areas
 -
extrapulmonary cases ... Clinical Signs ... years - May have signs ... decreased reflexes Pathophysiology ... tissue damage - CXR
Radial Head Elbow Fracture with displaced Fat Pads
Intra-Articular Fracture of the Elbow with displaced fat pads
radiograph as dark streaks ... So even in a case ... called the “Sail sign ... trauma #clinical #radiology ... #msk #hemarthrosis
Bradycardia
1) First Steps: IV, O2, Monitors, ECG, Pads on patient, Crash Cart in room. Is patient
Bradycardia 1) First Steps ... Monitors, ECG, Pads ... worsening brady, Signs ... #differential #management ... #cardiology
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology ... high WBC count cause ... , dyspnea, +/- CXR ... WBC >100k, + lab signs ... TLS #diagnosis #management
Lung Abscess - Diagnosis and Management Summary

Lung Abscess Etiology:
 • Necrosis of lung parenchyma by a
Lung Abscess Pathophysiology ... Blood cultures • CXR ... early disease) • CXR ... Aeruginosa - Strep ... #differential #causes
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
Diagnosis and Management ... survival is 93-95% Pathophysiology ... e.g. incidental CXR ... anterior/posterior MSK ... #Signs #Symptoms
Supracondylar Elbow Fracture
• Most common elbow fracture in children, peak age 5-7 
• When looking at
anterior sail sign ... can't make A-OK sign ... syndrome • ED Management ... Elbow #Humerus #Radiology ... #Orthopedics #MSK