29 results
CNS Ring-Enhancing Lesions - Immunocompromised vs Immunocompetent
Multiple Ring-Enhancing Lesions:
 • Toxoplasmosis (CD4 < 100)
 • Other
Diagnosis- Compatible syndrome ... nodules, may also see ... Infectious: ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #radiology #neurology
Causes of Secondary Amenorrhea - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Absence of menses for more than 3 cycles or
Causes of Secondary ... , weight loss, stress ... • Infiltrative lesions ... Prolactinoma • Chest ... Radiation • Infection
BEE Syndromes - Non-inflammatory Causes

Immune-mediated conditions affecting the Brain, Eye, and Ear

Visual or auditory symptoms in
BEE Syndromes - ... Non-inflammatory Causes ... skull neoplasms (e.g ... LHON) plus MRI lesions ... #Syndromes #neurology
Alice in Wonderland Syndrome
What? Metamorphophsia - Distortions of the visual perceptions with changes in size (micro
in Wonderland Syndrome ... (Many causes!) ... ) • Infection ( ... ) • Brain lesions ... #diagnosis #neurology
Lesions of the Spinal cord - Spinal Cord Syndromes

Spinal cord lesions can result in permanent neurologic
Causes of spinal ... be divided into ... Infarction - Infection ... (e.g., poliovirus ... #diagnosis #neurology
Blood Culture-Negative Infective Endocarditis (BCNIE)
Definition: No etiology found after 3 separate blood cultures remain negative for
but important causes ... nutritionally variant Strep ... antiphospholipid syndrome ... special stains (e.g ... differential #workup #infectiousdiseases
Urine Microscopy - Casts
Acellular Casts
 • Hyaline Casts - Consists of only precipitated Tamm-Horsfell protein without
suggestive of nephrotic sydnrome ... colored compounds (e.g ... either infectious ... or non-infectious ... Urine #Microscopy #nephrology
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections:
 •
present in 15% of cases ... parietal - Size lesions ... Demyelinating disease caused ... opportunistic #InfectiousDiseases ... #Neurology
Concurrent Brain and Lung Lesions
 • Bacteria: Nocardia spp, Strep anginosus, Staph aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae (hypervirulent),
Brain and Lung Lesions ... hypervirulent), Lemierre's syndrome ... #Brain #Lung #Infections ... Differential #Diagnosis #causes ... #infectiousdiseases
Concurrent Brain and Lung Lesions
 • Bacteria: Nocardia spp, Strep anginosus, Staph aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae (hypervirulent),
Brain and Lung Lesions ... hypervirulent), Lemierre's syndrome ... #Brain #Lung #Infections ... Differential #Diagnosis #causes ... #infectiousdiseases