4 results
Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Cardiovascular Causes of Dyspnea:
 • Myocardium:
	- Heart failure
	- CAD/ACS
	- Valvulopathy
 • Electrical:
	-
Dyspnea - Differential ... Parenchyma: ILD • Alveoli ... Hepatopulmonary syndrome ... - Obesity - Flail ... Pain #dyspnea #sob
Approach to the A-a Gradient
A-a gradient = PAO2 - PaO2
A-a gradient = [FiO2 x (Patm -
Weakness, Loss of Chest ... Wall Elasticity (flail ... chest) • Low ... , Interstitial Lung ... Hypoxia #hypoxemia #differential
Causes of Chronic Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Pericardial
 • Effusion
 • Cardiac Tamponade*
 • Constriction
Myocardial
 •
Stable Angina • Acute ... Coronary Syndrome ... Thickening/Masses Chest ... Alveoli • Pneumonia ... Chronic #Dyspnea #SOB
Amiodarone Induced Lung Toxicity Summary

Who?
• 5% of patients
• Dose ≥ 400 mg per day

How?  Possible
toxicity (e.g., acute ... respiratory distress ... syndrome) is rare ... Pleuritic chest ... macrophages in alveolar