23 results
Causes of acute kidney injury (AKI). AKI is classified into pre-renal, renal, and post-renal causes. Renal
kidney injury (AKI ... vascular supply; glomerular ... GBM, Glomerular ... Acute #Kidney #Injury ... #Sites #Nephrology
Spectrum of Glomerular Diseases
Nephrotic - Mechanism:
 • Injury to podocytes
 • Changed architecture: Scanning. Deposition of
Spectrum of Glomerular ... Mechanism: • Injury ... • Breaks in GBM ... spectrum #diagnosis #nephrology ... nephritic #nephrotic #comparison
Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis (RPGN) 
 - Loss of kidney function over a short period of tirne
with evidence of glomerular ... immune deposits in glomeruli ... post-infectious GN Anti-Glomerular ... Glomerulonephritis #RPGN #Classification ... Differential #Diagnosis #Nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury - Classification
Prerenal:
 • Dehydration
 • Heart failure (a.k.a. cardiorenal syndrome)
 • Liver failure
Acute Kidney Injury ... - Classification ... - TTP/HUS • Glomerular ... tubular necrosis (causes ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes

Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. 
Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
Glomerular Diseases ... syndrome—due to GBM ... diabetes)) #Glomerular ... Nephrotic #Syndromes #Classification ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology
Causes of Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Red blood cells on urine microscopy. Must exclude false positives
Causes of Hematuria ... benign sediment (injury ... active sediment (injury ... ) proteinuria (injury ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
This image shows acellular scanning EM showing glomerular basement membrane duplication at high power in a
showing glomerular ... high power in a glomerulus ... membranoproliferative pattern of injury ... membranoproliferative #injury ... SEM #clinical #nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PRE-Renal AKI:
 • Hypovolemia
 • Congestion
 • Medications
 •
Acute Kidney Injury ... • Vascular • Glomerular ... disease, Anti-GBM ... Acute #Kidney #Injury ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
the patient have glomerular ... hematuria (RBC casts ... Nephrotic #Syndrome #Comparison ... #Algorithm #Nephrology
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
or dipstick) Glomerular ... Immune mediated injury ... of Glomerular Bleeding ... Suggestive of glomerular ... #urology #nephrology