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diagnosis differential causes hypokalemia algorithm barttersyndrome bloodgasanalysis distantdiuretics endocrinecause endocrinecauses gitelmansyndrome low management measuredurineci metabolicalkalosis mineralocorticoidexcess ngsuction notsalineresponsive pathophysiology posthypercapnia
Blood gas analysis Metabolic alkalosis Measured urine CI < 10 mEq/L Saline responsive > 10 mEg/L Not saline responsive - Vomiting or NG
gas analysis Metabolic ... alkalosis Measured ... cause of H+ loss Renal ... Bartter syndrome - Gitelman ... syndrome - Potassium
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Chloride depletion syndromes • Gastrointestinal losses -
Causes of Metabolic ... Alkalosis - Differential ... villous adenomas • Renal ... syndrome - Gitelman ... dehydrogenase type
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L • Gastric alkalosis:
diuretics after renal ... syndrome (11-ß HSD type ... furosemide-like lesion) • Gitelman ... • Severe potassium ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
alkalosis • Normal ... • Hypokalemia (renal ... potassium wasting ... Sjögren syndrome, Renal ... Syndrome #diagnosis #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
treated with IV potassium ... suggests extra-renal ... Alkalosis: Emesis ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... #nephrology #low
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