14 results
Pathophysiology of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) and Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Syndrome (HHS)
Absolute Insulin deficit:
 - Type I DM:
Pathophysiology ... Insulin deficit: - Type ... produced - Type ... pts under large stresses ... #comparison #endocrinology
Hyperglycemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Diabetes Mellitus:
 • Impaired Glucose Tolerance
 • Type I Diabetes
 • Type
Tolerance • Type ... I Diabetes • ... Type 2 Diabetes ... Hyperglycemia (e.g ... Trauma, Surgery,
Classification of Diabetes Insipidus

Central or neurogenic diabetes insipidus:
 - Congenital - Structural malformations affecting the hypothalamus
metastases, Infection (e.g ... diseases, Trauma, Surgery ... Metabolic causes (e.g ... disease, Drugs (e.g ... Classification #Types
Types of Urinary Diversion Procedures
Ileal Conduit:
 • Technically simpler, fewer complications, and well understood. No bladder
Types of Urinary ... E.g.: Indiana Pouch ... Technically difficult surgery ... Diversion #Procedures #Types ... #Comparison #Management
Common Vasopressors and Inotropes
Norepinephrine (NE)
 - Indication: Distributive shock (1st line for septic shock), Cardiogenic shock
is not desired (e.g ... is not desired (e.g ... be used in all types ... Vasopressors #Inotropes #comparison ... #pharmacology #criticalcare
Preoperative Risk Evaluation

Major Pre-Op Questions:
1. Does the patient have any modifiable risk factors that could be
indicated • EKG ... Obtain EKG if: ... Risk Stratify Type ... What is the type ... Diabetes regimen
Needles and Suture Types - Common Surgical Instruments
Needles come in many shapes and cutting edges for
larger suture diameter ... (e.g., 3 is larger ... (e.g., 4-0, or ... sutures #needles #surgery ... #comparison
Stapler Types - Common Surgical Instruments
Used for reanastomosis of viscera, vessel ligation, and excision of specimens.
Stapler Types - ... hollow viscera, e.g ... #Staplers #surgery ... #instruments #types ... #comparison
Approach to Possible Hypertensive Emergency

criteria required to diagnose hypertensive emergency
(1) Severe hypertension
 - Usually a MAP
hypertension (e.g ... Myocardial ischemia (type-II ... optic nerve sheath diameter ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #CriticalCare
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis

The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
are listed as Type ... by excretion (e.g ... its metabolism (e.g ... regional ischemia, surgery ... B1: - Diabetes