13 results
Pathophysiology of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) and Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Syndrome (HHS)
Absolute Insulin deficit:
 - Type I DM:
Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar ... Syndrome (HHS) ... pts under large stresses ... to insulin TX, stresses ... pathophysiology #comparison
Etiologies of Hypoaldosteronism

Hyporeninemic Hypoaldosteronism (Low Renin, Low Aldosterone)
 - Diabetic Nephropathy 
 - NSAIDs
Non-Hyporeninemic Hypoaldosteronism (Normal
Aldosterone) - ACE ... Resistance (Normal or High ... Renin, Normal or High ... Hypoaldosteronism #Differential ... #Aldosterone #Comparison
Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies - 
Dermatomyositis (DM), Immune-Mediated Necrotizing Myopathy (IMNM), Antisynthetase Syndrome (ASS), Inclusion Body Myositis
Antisynthetase Syndrome ... (ASS), Inclusion ... Idiopathic #Myopathy #Comparison ... #Rheumatology #Differential
Hyperaldosteronism - Etiologies of Mineralocorticoid Excess

Primary Hyperaldosteronism (Normal or Low Renin, High Aldosterone) 
 - Aldosterone-secreting
or Low Renin, High ... Hyperaldosteronism (High ... - Cushing’s syndrome ... Hyperaldosteronism #Differential ... #Aldosterone #Comparison
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... phlebotomy High ... • NSAIDs • ACE ... - Tumor lysis syndrome ... Succinylcholine - Hyperosmolar
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... phlebotomy High ... • NSAIDs • ACE ... - Tumor lysis syndrome ... Succinylcholine - Hyperosmolar
Multiple Cranial Neuropathies - High Yield Differential Diagnosis
 • Intrinsic brainstem process
 • Compressive brainstem process
Neuropathies - High ... Yield Differential ... Miller Fisher Syndrome ... variant-GBS • Bulbar ALS ... #Neuropathies #Differential
Complications after Bariatric Surgery
Post Bariatric Intestinal Failure:
 • Severe protein malnutrition after bariatric surgery
 • More
Consider refeeding syndrome ... treatment, but high ... Rapid delivery of hyperosmolar ... Disorder marked by high ... gastroenterology #diagnosis #differential
Cold Agglutinin Disease

3 Types of Cold Sensitive Antibodies:
  1. Cold Agglutinins (CAD)
  2. Donath-Landsteiner
Cold Agglutinin Syndrome ... (CAS): - Due ... younger pts) Differential ... Disorders Such As ... • Symptoms: High
The Neurological Evaluation of a Comatose Patient

Definition:
 • Coma: a state of unresponsiveness; the absence of
consciousness Differential ... Unresponsive wakefulness syndrome ... • Locked-in syndrome ... Anisocoria + Coma → high ... Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS