12 results
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
patients with hypokalemia ... effective arterial blood ... anion effect: Vomiting ... syndrome #hypokalemia ... #urine #potassium
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
treated with IV potassium ... A urine K/Cr ratio ... • Diarrhea A urine ... urinary losses: • High ... Blood Pressure:
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison

Composition of LR:
 • Sodium 130 mEq/L
 •
130 mEq/L • Potassium ... Is Dangerous in Hyperkalemia ... densa receives high ... Decreased GFR, urine ... • Saline May Cause
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
phlebotomy High ... Crush injury • Blood ... (Uncontrolled diabetes ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #potassium #high
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
phlebotomy High ... Crush injury • Blood ... (Uncontrolled diabetes ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #potassium #high
Salicylate Toxicity - Diagnosis and Management

Consider if:
1) Patient is hot and altered
2) You see tachypnea with
no respiratory cause ... , Vomiting, Tinnitus ... Respiratory Alkalosis, High ... Lactate, Low Potassium ... Resuscitation 2) Urine
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Gastrointestinal: Vomiting ... • Normal/low blood ... metabolic acidosis • Diabetic ... the indicated causes ... of sodium and potassium
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Management Summary Causes ... Weakness - Dark urine ... UA positive for blood ... Isotonic fluid/Lactated ... Monitor potassium
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Base Disorders - Blood ... Interpretation Steps for Blood ... ) D D-lactate ... Ketoacidosis (starvation, diabetic ... Alkalosis: - Vomiting
Pragmatic diagnostic algorithm for hypokalemia. 
***Typical presentations: 
 • Vomiting: urine Na/Cl > 1.6, low urine
algorithm for hypokalemia ... presentations: • Vomiting ... Na/Cl < 0.7, high ... correcting serum potassium ... continued in most cases