11 results
Hypernatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Diabetes Insipidus Workup

Step #1 - Consider the history
Step #2 - Assess
Diagnosis Algorithm - Diabetes ... Hypernatremia #Management ... Algorithm #Sodium #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Renal K loss • Hypomagnesemia-induced ... Ureterosigmoidostomy, Diabetic ... algorithm #causes #nephrology
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
 • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... Correction of diabetic ... aldosteronism #Hypomagnesemia ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology
Hypermagnesemia - Diagnosis and Management

Hypermagnesemia is a serum magnesium concentration > 2.6 mg/dL.
Symptoms include hyporeflexia, hypotension,
Hypermagnesemia ... Diagnosis and Management ... and neonates), Diabetic ... #Diagnosis #Management ... #magnesium #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Gitelman syndrome, Hypomagnesemia ... metabolic acidosis • Diabetic ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
irrigation • Management ... • Nephrogenic diabetes ... Lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes ... DDAVP) • Central diabetes ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
(treatment of diabetic ... Alcoholism (worsened by hypomagnesemia ... Fever Other: - Hypomagnesemia ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis and Treatment
Hypernatremia is almost always due to unreplaced water loss (free water
post-obstructive 3) Diabetes ... Diagnosis #Treatment #management ... #nephrology #sodium
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
hypokalemia, mild hypomagnesemia ... potassium wasting) • Hypomagnesemia ... Syndrome #diagnosis #nephrology ... #management #pathophysiology
Primary Polydipsia
Definition: Excessive volitional water intake
Epidemiology:
 • 6-20% of patients with psychiatric disorders - Most commonly
- Co-morbid diabetes ... Differential Diagnosis: Diabetes ... Polydipsia #diagnosis #management ... #nephrology