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Oropharyngeal and Esophageal Causes of Dysphagia - Differential Diagnosis
Oropharyngeal Dysphagia
 • Neuromuscular causes: CVA/CNS tumor/ALS, Parkinson's,
Muscular dystrophy • Structural ... cervical ring/web/stricture ... Functional dysphagia • Structural ... Plummer-Vinson Web, Strictures
Traditionally, congestive heart failure has been classified according to severity of symptoms, first formulated by the
STAGES of CHF (A ... the severity of structural ... Stage D CHF is frequently ... Diagnosis #Cardiology #CHF
STAGES of CHF (A, B, C, D), however, describe the severity of structural abnormalities that impair
STAGES of CHF (A ... the severity of structural ... Stage D CHF is frequently ... Management #Cardiology #CHF
Circle of Willis and brain circulation 
Herophilus of Chalcedon (335-280 BC), “Father of Anatomy,” described the
described the vascular structure ... precision both the structure ... the name of this structure ... famous eponymous structures
The contours of the left and right diaphragm should be visible.
The right diaphragm should be visible
the soft tissue structures ... density as the structures ... Hemidiaphragm #RadiologyAssistant
Mucoid impaction
Mucus plugs or mucoid impaction can mimick the appearance of lung nodules or a mass.
Sometimes
cystic fibrosis (CF ... with asthma or CF ... some mass-like structures ... Mucus #Plugging #RadiologyAssistant
2017 ACC/AHA/HFSA Focused Update of the 2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure: A
HeartFailure #Management #CHF ... treatment #algorithm #sCHF
On the left a patient who had a CT to rule out pulmonary embolism.
There is a
SeptalThickening #CHF ... #RadiologyAssistant
Tree-in-bud
In centrilobular nodules the recognition of 'tree-in-bud' is of value for narrowing the differential diagnosis.
Tree-in-bud describes
nodular branching structure ... TreeInBud #Diagram #RadiologyAssistant
Medications Used in Congestive Heart Failure

In CHF, the heart is failing as a pump; cardiac output
Heart Failure In CHF ... CHF also causes ... therapy in chronic CHF ... #Pharmacology #CHF