11 results
Tuberculosis Overview

10 million new M. tuberculosis infections/year
Facultative intracellular rod-shaped bacteria
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) accounts for 4.6% of
intracellular rod-shaped bacteria ... Response: • Most bacteria ... staining, NAA (PCR ... Treatment: Active ... Initiating Treatment
Tuberculosis Overview

10 million new M. tuberculosis infections/year
Facultative intracellular rod-shaped bacteria
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) accounts for 4.6% of
intracellular rod-shaped bacteria ... Response: • Most bacteria ... staining, NAA (PCR ... Treatment: Active ... Initiating Treatment
Lung Abscess - Diagnosis and Management Summary

Lung Abscess Etiology:
 • Necrosis of lung parenchyma by a
• Most common cause ... of PCN allergy ... Pathogens: • Aerobic Bacteria ... • Anaerobic Bacteria ... #differential #causes
CNS Ring-Enhancing Lesions - Immunocompromised vs Immunocompetent
Multiple Ring-Enhancing Lesions:
 • Toxoplasmosis (CD4 < 100)
 • Other
toxo IgG • CNS PCR ... lesions • 80% with lung ... Infectious: • Bacterial ... • Tuberculosis ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Lung Infections in HIV - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Disease by CD4 Count:
Any CD4 Count:
 • Mycobacterium tuberculosis,
Mycobacterium tuberculosis ... , Bacterial pneumonia ... Extrapulmonary tuberculosis ... , and fever BACTERIAL ... Pneumonia: • PVL
Fever Patterns - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Continuous Fever:
Temp > 38°C with only 1 degree fluctuation in 24
Non-Infectious Causes ... • Disseminated tuberculosis ... Leptospirosis Pel-Ebstein ... Yellow fever • Tuberculous ... Brucellosis • Liver or lung
Orthopedic Emergencies
Compartment Syndrome
 • An increase in compartment pressure to the point where tissue perfusion is
outflow and reduces arterial ... Syndrome • Syndrome caused ... globules in the lung ... including DM • Treatment ... function and reflex activity
Causes of Antibiotic Failure - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Diagnosis:
 • Non-Infectious: Malignant, Autoimmune, Drug-related (NMS, serotonin syndrome,
Causes of Antibiotic ... Bug: Atypical bacteria ... ocular), Tissue activity ... (daptomycin in lungs ... • Secondary to Treatment
Malignant Hyperthermia Crisis - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
Unexplained increase in ETCO2 AND tachycardia AND increased
other, more common causes ... ❹ Call for MH treatment ... hyperventilate lungs ... intensive ❾ Begin active ... INVESTIGATIONS Arterial
Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome - Overview of IRIS

What Is IRIS?
	• A state of hyperinflammatory response that
six months of treatment ... drug-resistant infection, bacterial ... leukoencephalopathy (PML ... unintentional weight loss, nausea ... • Persistently active