5 results
Primary and Secondary Causes of Mitral Regurgitation
Primary (organic) chronic mitral regurgitation:
 • Leaflet: Rheumatic fever, Infective
Primary and Secondary ... ), Spontaneous rupture ... rupture • Papillary ... Papillary muscle rupture ... #causes #primary
Endocarditis Summary

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV substance use
• IV catheter
• Recent
Culture (+): ... • Coagulase-negative ... staphylococci Culture ... #diagnosis #management ... #cardiology
Colovesical Fistula on Cystoscopy
A 72-year-old woman presented to the urology clinic with a 2-week history of
to the urology clinic ... tract infection ... bacteria, and a urine culture ... Causes of colovesical ... #bladder #clinical
Causes of Primary and Functional Mitral Regurgitation (MR) 
Causes of primary mitral regurgitation
 - Rheumatic heart
Causes of Primary ... Infective/marantic endocarditis ... MV chordae may rupture ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #Cardiology
Peripartum Cardiomyopathy - Summary
1. Definition
 • Towards the end of pregnancy to 5 months postpartum
exclude other causes ... Differential Diagnosis ... infarction • ... recommend against future ... • During a future