10 results
Primary and Secondary Causes of Mitral Regurgitation
Primary (organic) chronic mitral regurgitation:
 • Leaflet: Rheumatic fever, Infective
), Spontaneous rupture ... rupture • Papillary ... Papillary muscle rupture ... Regurgitation #differential ... #diagnosis #cardiology
Blood Culture-Negative Infective Endocarditis (BCNIE)
Definition: No etiology found after 3 separate blood cultures remain negative for
Blood Culture-Negative ... but important causes ... identified with modern culture ... - Standard culture ... #diagnosis #differential
Approach to the Hypotensive Patient - Differential Diagnosis Framework for Hypotension

Blood Pressure = Heart Rate x
infarction - ... Free wall rupture ... Papillary muscle rupture ... • Acute mitral ... #diagnosis #causes
Endocarditis Summary

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV substance use
• IV catheter
• Recent
Involves aortic and mitral ... Culture (+): ... staphylococci Culture ... #diagnosis #management ... #cardiology
Causes of Primary and Functional Mitral Regurgitation (MR) 
Causes of primary mitral regurgitation
 - Rheumatic heart
Infective/marantic endocarditis ... MV chordae may rupture ... laterally from myocardial ... #Functional #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Cardiology
Widened Pulse Pressure - Differential Diagnosis and Pathophysiology

Pulse pressure is the difference between the systolic blood
• Infective Endocarditis ... • Mitral Stenosis ... • Myocardial ... Infarction • Pulmonary ... #causes #cardiology
Endocarditis - Overview and Differential Diagnosis Framework

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV
involves aortic and mitral ... Culture Positive ... staphylococci Culture ... that may lead to infarction ... Diagnosis #cardiology
Intraoperative  Bradycardia - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
Bradycardia in theatre should not be treated as
Consider known drug causes ... infarction, hyperkalaemia ... Intraoperative #Checklist ... #Diagnosis #Management ... #Workup #Cardiology
Approach to Joint Pain - Diagnostic Framework

1) Chronicity
2) Inflammatory vs Non-Inflammatory
3) Number of Joints Involved

1) Chronicity:
to Joint Pain - Diagnostic ... for cell count, culture ... = Worry about late ... rheumatology #approach #workup ... #differential #
Peripartum Cardiomyopathy - Summary
1. Definition
 • Towards the end of pregnancy to 5 months postpartum
Differential Diagnosis ... infarction • ... recommend against future ... • During a future ... #management #cardiology