7 results
Primary and Secondary Causes of Mitral Regurgitation
Primary (organic) chronic mitral regurgitation:
 • Leaflet: Rheumatic fever, Infective
), Spontaneous rupture ... rupture • Papillary ... Papillary muscle rupture ... Regurgitation #differential ... #diagnosis #cardiology
Blood Culture-Negative Infective Endocarditis (BCNIE)
Definition: No etiology found after 3 separate blood cultures remain negative for
Blood Culture-Negative ... identified with modern culture ... - Standard culture ... #diagnosis #differential ... #workup #infectiousdiseases
Endocarditis Summary

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV substance use
• IV catheter
• Recent
90% of IE cases Culture ... staphylococci Culture ... that may lead to infarction ... #diagnosis #management ... #cardiology
Endocarditis - Overview and Differential Diagnosis Framework

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV
90% of IE cases Culture ... staphylococci Culture ... that may lead to infarction ... Diagnosis #cardiology ... #infectiousdiseases
Causes of Primary and Functional Mitral Regurgitation (MR) 
Causes of primary mitral regurgitation
 - Rheumatic heart
Infective/marantic endocarditis ... MV chordae may rupture ... laterally from myocardial ... Primary #Functional #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Cardiology
Peripartum Cardiomyopathy - Summary
1. Definition
 • Towards the end of pregnancy to 5 months postpartum
Differential Diagnosis ... heart disease • Myocardial ... infarction • ... recommend against future ... • During a future
Mycoses

HISTOPLASMOSIS
• Inhalation of conidia → Yeast → travel to lymph nodes → spread in body
• Bird
• Confirmed by culture ... Diagnosis: • Culture ... arthritis, and endocarditis ... ) #Mycoses #InfectiousDiseases ... Fungal #Diagnosis #Management