11 results
Causes of blood culture negative infective endocarditis

Bartonella spp, Brucella spp, Coxiella burnetii, Chlamydia spp, Tropheryma whipplei,
culture negative ... identified with modern culture ... #differential # ... #culture #negative ... InfectiousDiseases
Primary and Secondary Causes of Mitral Regurgitation
Primary (organic) chronic mitral regurgitation:
 • Leaflet: Rheumatic fever, Infective
), Spontaneous rupture ... infarction, Tendineae rupture ... Papillary muscle rupture ... Regurgitation #differential ... #diagnosis #cardiology
Systolic Murmurs - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Benign / Flow / Hyperdynamic:
 • Pregnancy
 • Fever
 • Anemia
Supravalvular
Systolic Murmurs - Differential ... Chordae Tendinae • Rupture ... • Infarct • Rupture ... Systolic #Murmurs #Cardiology ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes
Approach to the Hypotensive Patient - Differential Diagnosis Framework for Hypotension

Blood Pressure = Heart Rate x
dysfunction - Myocardial ... - Free wall rupture ... Papillary muscle rupture ... • Acute mitral ... #diagnosis #causes
Blood Culture-Negative Infective Endocarditis (BCNIE)
Definition: No etiology found after 3 separate blood cultures remain negative for
Blood Culture-Negative ... but important causes ... identified with modern culture ... - Standard culture ... #diagnosis #differential
Endocarditis Summary

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV substance use
• IV catheter
• Recent
Involves aortic and mitral ... Culture (+): ... • Coagulase-negative ... staphylococci Culture ... #cardiology
Causes of Primary and Functional Mitral Regurgitation (MR) 
Causes of primary mitral regurgitation
 - Rheumatic heart
Infective/marantic endocarditis ... MV chordae may rupture ... laterally from myocardial ... #Functional #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Cardiology
Endocarditis - Overview and Differential Diagnosis Framework

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV
involves aortic and mitral ... Culture Positive ... staphylococci Culture ... Diagnosis #cardiology ... #infectiousdiseases
CNS Infections - Viral Encephalitis and Bacterial Meningitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Viral Encephalitis:
MCC: Enteroviruses (e.g., coxsackievirus
in 60%-90% • Culture ... in 70%-85% • Negative ... Monocytogenes or gram negative ... by CSF or urine culture ... #diagnosis #neurology
Peripartum Cardiomyopathy - Summary
1. Definition
 • Towards the end of pregnancy to 5 months postpartum
exclude other causes ... Differential Diagnosis ... heart disease • Myocardial ... recommend against future ... • During a future