13 results
Retinoblastoma: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Sporadic mutation -> One allele of RB1 tumor suppressor gene
Pathogenesis and clinical ... gene mutated in all ... partial retinal red reflex ... inflammation • Spheroid mass ... pathophysiology #ophthalmology
Periorbital Cellulitis: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Definitions:
a. Dacryoadenitis: infection of the lacrimal glands
b. Conjunctivitis: inflammation of the
Pathogenesis and Clinical ... normal: - extra-ocular ... - pupillary reflex ... #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms
Orbital Cellulitis: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Definitions:
a. Chemosis: Edema of the bulbar conjunctiva
b. Panopthalmitis: inflammation of all
Orbital Cellulitis ... Pathogenesis and Clinical ... pathophysiology #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms
Ocular Myasthenia Gravis on Physical Exam

A 41yo female was referred by her neurologist for double vision.
Her clinical exam ... cogan sign and ... about difficulty swallowing ... #video #ophthalmology ... #neurology
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Summary
ALS: combination of the clinical examination finding of amyotrophy with the pathologic
of the clinical ... with speech and swallowing ... Increased Jaw Jerk reflex ... fasciculations Common Symptoms ... Lateral #Sclerosis #neurology
Seesaw Nystagmus 

Sawtooth or seesaw nystagmus is an unusual but characteristic type of nystagmus. Typically there
mesodiencephalic mass ... vertical vestibulo-ocular ... reflex. ... #physicalexam #clinical ... #video #ophthalmology
Behçet's Syndrome
Systemic disease associated with inflammation of multiple organs, small-vessel vasculitis and large-vessel vasculopathy
Epidemiology:
 • Young
association • M > F Clinical ... skin injury) • Neurologic ... Medium and large also ... inhibitors • Uveitis- Ophthalmology ... diagnosis #management #signs
Differentiating NBTE from Infective Endocarditis
No pathognomonic signs/symptoms or echo features that are specific to NBTE, and
pathognomonic signs ... /symptoms or echo ... high index of clinical ... Autoimmune (SLE/APLS ... features: Mobile mass
Diplopia - Double Vision - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Clinical Pearls:
 • Diplopia is almost always binocular.
 •
Diagnosis Algorithm Clinical ... • Neurologic ... symptoms suggest ... a mass as the cause ... Algorithm #Causes #Ophthalmology
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
Pathogenesis and clinical ... diffuse light reflex ... pathophysiology #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #complications