5841 results
Heme Synthesis Pathway
Enzymes
1. ALA Synthase
2. ALA Dehydratase
3. Porphobilinogen deaminase
4. UP Ill Synthase
5. UP Ill Decarboxylase
6. Coproporphyrinogen
Heme Synthesis Pathway ... JamesCaoMD #Heme #Synthesis ... pathophysiology #diagnosis
Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA)
Tests:
 • MCV/RBC - RBC ↓ in proportion to the ↓ in hemoglobin
for Hemoglobin synthesis ... for hemoglobin synthesis ... #ferritin #Fe #diagnosis
Liver Chemistry Tests - AST, ALT, Alkaline Phosphatase and Bilirubin Metabolism
AST and ALT:
 • AST: liver
phosphatase: • Synthesis ... due to increased synthesis ... clearance - AP synthesis ... Pathophysiology #Diagnosis
Hypomagnesemia (Serum level < 1.7 mg/dL)
Neuromuscular manifestations 
 • Tremor, tetany, seizures 
 • Weakness
• Decreased synthesis ... Signs #Symptoms #Diagnosis
Causes of Anemia with Low Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased Heme Synthesis or
- Differential Diagnosis ... Decreased Heme Synthesis ... Decreased Globin Synthesis ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis for a Prolonged PT and aPTT
If the PT and the aPTT are both prolonged,
Differential Diagnosis ... Decreased factor synthesis ... Reduced liver synthesis ... Prolonged #Causes #diagnosis
Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia 
 • Direct renin inhibitor (Aliskiren)
 • Renin release inhibition (NSAIDs, Beta-Blockers)
(Losartan) • Synthesis ... #differential #diagnosis
Acute Liver Injury - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Vascular Causes of Acute Liver Injury: 
 • Hepatic vein:
- Differential Diagnosis ... salts augment synthesis ... ALP - Due to synthesis ... source - Tests of synthetic ... #differential #diagnosis
Rigors And Bacteremia - Overview

• Rigors are a response to the release of cytokines and prostaglandins
Macrophages → Synthesis ... pyrogen induces synthesis ... InfectiousDiseases #Diagnosis
Medical Conditions Causing Mania or Mania-Like Episodes: Pathogenesis
 • Bipolar Disorder -> Combination of individual, genetic,
for methionine synthesis ... Decreased myelin synthesis ... #Differential #Diagnosis