11 results
Laboratory Evaluation of Patients for Thyroid Disease 
Hyperthyroidism:
 • Graves disease - TSH low; free T4
of Patients for Thyroid ... high; in some cases ... iodine uptake; thyroid ... disease course #hypothyroid ... #hyperthyroid #
Hyperthyroidism (low TSH, High T4/T3) - Diagnostic Algorithm

Radioactive iodine scan – get if concern for nodular
(low TSH, High T4 ... ) - Diagnostic Algorithm ... concern for nodular thyroid ... workup choices AND management ... Hyperthyroidism #Hyperthyroid
Hashitoxicosis

‘Leakage’ symptoms of active Hashimoto’s disease

- Hashitoxicosis (Htx) can occur during the initial hyperthyroid stage in
during the initial hyperthyroid ... thyroiditis that causes ... thyroid swelling ... Diffuse infiltration ... Endocrinology #Diagnosis #Pathophysiology
Hyperthyroidism Overview

Clinical Manifestation of Hyperthyroidism:
 • Fatigue
 • Weight loss
 • Heat intolerance
 • Depression, nervousness
goiter • Toxic diffuse ... T3 • ↑ Free T4 ... suspected • Thyroid ... Glucocorticoids: Reduce T4 ... hyperthyroidism #causes
Hair Loss (Alopecia) - General (Diffuse and Focal) Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

DIFFUSE
Scarring - Irreversible-biopsy required
 • Lupus
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... DIFFUSE Scarring ... contraceptives • Hyperthyroid ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes
Bronchiectasis: diagnosis and management 

Causes of localized -> diffuse bronchiectasis
Foreign body, Bronchial stenosis (tumor, .. ),
diagnosis and management ... Causes of localized ... -> diffuse bronchiectasis ... Bronchiectasis #diagnosis #management ... Differential #workup #algorithm
Algorithmic Approach to Hypothyroidism - Differential Diagnosis and Management Framework

Central Hypothyroidism (Secondary or tertiary) ↓TSH, ↓FT4
Algorithmic Approach ... Diagnosis and Management ... obtain TPOAb Euthyroid ... endocrinology #hypothyroid ... #Management
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
chronic vasospasm -> Diffuse ... hyalinization causes ... resulting in a diffuse ... atrophic areas in the choroid ... #Retinopathy #pathophysiology
Subacute Thyroiditis

Also known as: de Quervain’s thyroiditis, granulomatous thyroiditis, or viral thyroiditis

What?
Postviral inflammatory process caused by
inflammatory process caused ... after onset Causes ... levels, ↓ TSH (2) Hypothyroid ... phase: ↓ T4 and ... #diagnosis #management
Diffuse Hair Loss (Alopecia) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Scarring - Irreversible-biopsy required
 • Lupus erythematosus
 • Lichen
Diffuse Hair Loss ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... contraceptives • Hyperthyroid ... Psychological stress #Diffuse ... #causes