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The GFR Clock for Staging CKD

Staging CKD is most frequently done by calculating the estimated glomerular
The GFR Clock for ... Staging CKD Staging ... , CKD can be staged ... Using the GFR clock ... #CKD #EGFR #Staging
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
chloridorrhea) • Status ... acute reversal of chronic ... diuretics after renal ... generally indicates a renal ... markedly reduced GFR
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia: • CKD ... Digoxin • K sparing ... trauma - Ischemic colonic ... - Hyperosmolar states ... infusions) - Metabolic
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia: • CKD ... Digoxin • K sparing ... trauma - Ischemic colonic ... - Hyperosmolar states ... infusions) - Metabolic
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
esp w oliguria / GFR ... Labs: BMP (Assess GFR ... Optimize volume status ... to improve GFR ... sufficient if intact GFR