7 results
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia: • CKD ... transfusion • HTN and edema ... • Recent IV potassium ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #potassium #high
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia: • CKD ... transfusion • HTN and edema ... • Recent IV potassium ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #potassium #high
Potassium-Binding Agents to Treat Hyperkalemia
Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma):
 • Mechanism: Preferentially captures K in exchange for
Potassium-Binding ... Side Effects: Edema ... hypokalemia); nausea ... of aspiration #Potassium ... #medications #pharmacology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Weakness, cramping, nausea ... VBG (acidosis), CK ... only if no clear cause ... caution in HTN & edema ... Management #Treatment #potassium
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison

Composition of LR:
 • Sodium 130 mEq/L
 •
130 mEq/L • Potassium ... trial • Minimal K ... shift • Saline Causes ... • Saline May Cause ... NS #comparison #pharmacology
Antiarrhythmics Pharmacology Summary
Cardiac Conduction Phases:
Phase 0 - Ventricular Depolarization:
 • Na+ channels open leading to a
Antiarrhythmics Pharmacology ... to balance out K+ ... repolarization CLASS 3 - Potassium ... Antiarrhythmics #Pharmacology ... Classification #Classes
Antiarrhythmics - Vaughan Williams Classification:
CLASS 1 - Sodium Channel Blockers:
 • MOA: Block fast Na+ channels
Fast Action, ↓ EFR ... repolarization CLASS 3 - Potassium ... • MOA: Block K+ ... Vaughan #Williams #Pharmacology ... Classification #Classes