9 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Losses: • Normal Acid-Base ... • Metabolic acidosis ... Gl tract loss (Diarrhea ... , Gitelman syndrom
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
- Differential ... starts by measuring ... Renal tubular acidosis ... , Gitelman's syndrome ... , glycyrrhizic acid
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential ... Congenital chloride diarrhea ... , Gitelman syndrome ... : Chronic diarrhea ... poisoning • Normal acid-base
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome ... Hypocalciuria (spot ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... Renal tubular acidosis ... Congenital chloride diarrhea
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation ... Laxative use • Diarrhea ... , Gitelman syndrome ... - Metabolic acidosis ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
diuretic use, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... poisoning Normal acid-base ... and potassium acid ... Algorithm #nephrology #differential
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
nasogastric suction, Diarrhea ... Renal tubular acidosis ... diuretic use), Gitelman's ... syndrome (mimics ... #Causes #differential
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acid Base Disorders ... D D-lactate (short ... bowel syndrome, ... : - Diarrhea ... ABG #bloodgas #Acid
Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Type A: Impaired O2 Delivery (DO2)
 • Decreased O2 Delivery: Hypotension
- Differential Diagnosis ... Hypotension & Hypovolemia ... PRIS), Valproic Acid ... Bowel Syndrome, ... #Differential #