12 results
Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Mild Non-proliferative DR
 • Outpouchings of the weakened capillary walls or
Diabetic Retinopathy ... Neovascularization #Diabetic ... #Retinopathy #Diabetes ... #ophthalmology ... #pathophysiology
Cotton Wool Spots

Caused by microinfarcts. Exploded ganglion cell axons extrude their axoplasm into retina. Long DDx:
Cotton Wool Spots ... Caused by microinfarcts ... hypertension, diabetes ... #CottonWool #Spots ... #fundoscopy #ophthalmology
Prader-Willi Syndrome: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Maternal uniparental disomy: inheriting 2 copies of maternal chromosome
Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... fractures • Short ... Obesity -> Type 2 diabetes ... Syndrome #genetics #pathophysiology
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ... anion gap until it closes ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... DiabeticKetoacidosis #DKA #pathophysiology ... endocrinology #diabetes
Chronic Vision Loss by Anatomic Location - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Cornea:
 • Keratoconus
 • Stromal Scaring
 •
- Cotton wool spots ... Macular Edema: • Diabetic ... Glaucoma (Open-Angle ... Algorithm #Causes #Ophthalmology
Upper Urinary Tract infection (UUTI): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Predisposing Factors:
 - Immunocompromised, Diabetes,
 - Elderly, Female
Immunocompromised, Diabetes ... Elderly, Female (short ... lower tract: As a complication ... UrinaryTractInfection #UUTI #Pathophysiology
Acute Closed Angle Glaucoma: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
OPHTHALMIC EMERGENCY: Early detection is essential, but most patients
Acute Closed Angle ... acutely ill • Colored ... Signs / Symptoms / Complications ... ClosedAngle #Glaucoma #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology
Refeeding Syndrome Overview

What Is It?
	• Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused by initiation of nutrition in severely malnourished patient.
Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused ... severe clinical complications ... Poorly controlled diabetes ... Differential #Diagnosis #Pathophysiology
Mixed Urinary Incontinence: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Urgency Urinary Incontinence (UUI) -> Urinary leakage preceded by a
cystitis, UTI), diabetes ... Incr PVR if a complication ... SUI or UUI not caused ... Incontinence #Mixed #Pathophysiology
Nail Pathologies - Findings in or Near Nails

Paronychia 

A superficial infection of the proximal and lateral
of the normal angle ... The angle increases ... causes include diabetes ... failure, and diabetes ... the nail plate caused