14 results
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis Workup ... mOsm/kg - Implies renal ... , Ingestion Renal ... • Euvolemic: Diabetes ... , Cushing syndrome
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
diarrhea / IBD Renal ... - Uncontrolled diabetes ... - Transient renal ... - Familial renal ... Classification #Causes #Workup
Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Inpatient Medication Guide

Classes: Biguanide, Sulfonylurea, TZD, DPP-4 inhibitor, GLP-1 receptor agonist, SGLT2i,
Diabetes Mellitus ... insulin dose for renal ... #Mellitus #DM2 ... #Medications #pharmacology ... comparison #table #endocrinology
DPP4 Inhibitors - Normal and Renal Dosing

Increase Incretins (GLP-I & GIP) -> Stimulates Insulin, Inhibits Glucagon
Inhibitors - Normal and Renal ... DPP4 inhibitors work ... patients have renal ... DPP4 #Inhibitors #Renal ... #DM2 #Endocrinology
SGLT2 Inhibitors 
SGLT2 inhibitors are the newest class of anti-diabetic medications, with the first one (Canagliflozin)
class of anti-diabetic ... These work by inhibiting ... SGLT2 #Inhibitors #Pharmacology ... #Medications #DM2 ... #Diabetes #Endocrinology
GLP-1 Agonists

Adlyxin (Lixisenatide) Daily
Bydureon (Exenatide ER) Weekly 
Ozempic (Semaglutide) Weekly 
Trulicity (Dulaglutide) Weekly 
Victoza (Liraglutide) Daily
to treat Type 2 Diabetes ... They work primarily ... GLP1 #Agonists #Pharmacology ... #Dosing #Diabetes ... #DM2 #Endocrinology
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
Redistribution:
 - IV glucose
 - Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis
 - IV hyperalimentation
 - Refeeding
Correction of diabetic ... (steatorrhea) Renal ... Tubulointerstitial renal ... disorders: - Syndrome ... medications #drugs #pharmacology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Agents Regulating Renal ... Inhibitors of Renal ... diabetes insipidus ... #Diuretics #Renal ... Diuresis #Nephrology #Pharmacology
Causes of Fatigue - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Endocrine
 • Hypo/Hyperthyroidism
 • Diabetes
 • Pituitary Insufficiency
 • Adrenal
Hyperthyroidism • Diabetes ... Metabolic • Renal ... Myasthenia Gravis Pharmacologic ... Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
Hypertension - Workup ... eg, presence of renal ... • Vascular: Renal ... Vasculitis • Endocrinologic ... Renal parenchymal