21 results
Hypertension and Altered Mental Status (AMS) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Hypertension:
 • Hypertensive emergency
 • Hypertensive encephalopathy
with compensatory HTN ... Pre-Eclampsia Renal ... Acute/Chronic renal ... failure • Renal ... • Scleroderma renal
Pharmacologic Treatment of Hypertensive Emergencies in Pregnancy
Drug - Dose range - Onset/oeak/duration - Side effects
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Pharmacologic Treatment ... , fetal bradycardia ... , lupus-like syndrome ... Obstetrics #OBGyn #HTN ... #Pharmacology #
Primary and Secondary Causes of Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary (Essential) (95%) - Onset between age
taken at home, work ... Medications - Renal ... • Renal parenchymal ... and bilateral renal ... excess (Cushing syndrome
Evaluation of Secondary Hypertension
 • Primary aldosteronism - PRA, PAC
 • Renal artery stenosis - Renal
Evaluation of Secondary Hypertension ... - PRA, PAC • Renal ... artery stenosis - Renal ... fT4 • Cushing syndrome ... resistant #Evaluation #workup
Secondary Causes of Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertension - BP > 140/90 (>130/80 for DM)
Hypertensive urgency
Consider secondary HTN ... multi-drug resistance) Renal ... • Nephritic syndrome ... Excess: • Conn's syndrome ... #HTN #Secondary
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
eg, presence of renal ... • Vascular: Renal ... Vasculitis • Endocrinologic ... Renal parenchymal ... most pts have HTN
Secondary causes of Hypertension
 • Medications, Drugs, Chemo: NSAIDS, Steroids, CNI, Alcohol, Cocaine, OCP, Licorice, MAOI,
Secondary causes of Hypertension ... Pseudoephedrine • Primary Renal ... Hyperaldosternism (low renin HTN ... Other low renin HTN ... Secondary #causes #Hypertension
Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy
Chronic Hypertension:
 • Guidelines as SBP ≥130 or DBP ≥ 90 mmHg
 •
Hypertensive Disorders ... Pregnancy Chronic Hypertension ... severe RUQ pain, renal ... patients • HELLP: Syndrome ... cardionerds #Hypertensive
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
the existence of hypertension ... gastrointestinal K loss • Renal ... hypokalemia • Renal ... Hyperaldosteronism: malignant HT ... , renovascular HT
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis and Screening Testing
Common causes: 
 • Renal parenchymal disease
Common causes: • Renal ... parenchymal disease - Renal ... evaluate cause of renal ... Renovascular disease - Renal ... Bilateral selective renal