17 results
Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Mild Non-proliferative DR
 • Outpouchings of the weakened capillary walls or
Diabetic Retinopathy ... Hard Exudates • Nerve ... more superficial nerve ... ophthalmology #diagnosis #complications ... #pathophysiology
Diabetic Foot: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Polyol Pathway - Excess glucose enters Polyol pathway ->
Diabetic Foot: Pathogenesis ... of peripheral nerve ... Ischemia, Accelerated nerve ... #DiabeticFoot #pathophysiology ... #complications
Prader-Willi Syndrome: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Maternal uniparental disomy: inheriting 2 copies of maternal chromosome
Prader-Willi Syndrome Signs ... /Symptoms/Complications ... Obesity -> Type 2 diabetes ... Syndrome #genetics #pathophysiology
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA): Pathogenesis and Joint diseases features
 • RA affects 1% of population, women >
small joints (wrists ... Stimulation of nerve ... fingers, radial wrist ... RheumatoidArthritis #RA #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Upper Urinary Tract infection (UUTI): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Predisposing Factors:
 - Immunocompromised, Diabetes,
 - Elderly, Female
Immunocompromised, Diabetes ... lower tract: As a complication ... UrinaryTractInfection #UUTI #Pathophysiology ... #Signs #Symptoms
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
lumbar spine Signs ... / Symptoms / Complications ... damage to sacral nerves ... Syndrome #MSK #pathophysiology ... diagnosis #symptoms #signs
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... DiabeticKetoacidosis #DKA #pathophysiology ... endocrinology #diabetes
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
inner retinal nerve ... arterioles causes optic nerve ... #Retinopathy #pathophysiology ... ophthalmology #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #complications
Pituitary Mass Effects - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Pituitary turnors are almost always a benign
Signs / Symptoms ... / Complications ... Hyperprolactinemia • Diabetes ... mnemonic #GLFTAP #pathophysiology
Mixed Urinary Incontinence: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Urgency Urinary Incontinence (UUI) -> Urinary leakage preceded by a
cystitis, UTI), diabetes ... Incr PVR if a complication ... Incontinence #Mixed #Pathophysiology ... #Signs #Symptoms