63 results
Parinaud's Syndrome
What?
 - Impaired upgaze
 - Light-near dissociation
 - Convergence retraction nystagmus
 - Eyelid retraction (Collier's
retraction (Collier's sign ... tumors - Multiple Sclerosis ... → "setting sun sign ... " - Vascular disease ... diagnosis #pineal #neurology
Multiple Sclerosis - Summary

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-mediated neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system
neurodegenerative disease ... Treatment: • ... objective evidence of neurologic ... diagnosis #management #neurology ... #treatment #MS
Parinaud's syndrome
What?
 • Light-near dissociation (tectal pupils)
 • Convergence retraction nystagmus
 • Eyelid retraction (Collier's sign)
retraction (Collier's sign ... tumors • Multiple sclerosis ... "setting sun" sign ... • Vascular disease ... Parinauds #syndrome #neurology
Positive Hoffmann's sign (finger flexor reflex) in a patient with Multiple Sclerosis

The Hoffmann's reflex test itself
Positive Hoffmann's sign ... with Multiple Sclerosis ... Hoffmann's reflex test ... are not useful signs ... In cerebellar diseases
Romberg's Test for Proprioception
History: First described in the 19th century in patients with tabes dorsalis (later
Romberg's Test for ... (Romberg's sign ... • Cerebellar disease ... Unilateral vestibular disease ... #neurology #diagnosis
BEE Syndromes - Immune-mediated conditions affecting the brain, eye, and ear

Visual or auditory symptoms in conjunction
and less common diseases ... diagnosis and treatment ... polychondritis • Behcet disease ... • Multiple sclerosis ... BEE #Syndromes #neurology
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus - Summary
Antinuclear (ANA) - 95% - Initial screening test
Anti-dsDNA - 50%
 • Associated
Initial screening test ... with more severe disease ... Used to monitor disease ... (SLE/systemic sclerosis ... Treatment: •
Causes of Dizziness - Vertigo - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
True Vertigo - Illusion of Rotary Movement
Peripheral Vestibular
• Meniere's Disease ... Dysfunction - Imbalance, neurologic ... symptoms/signs, ... • Multiple sclerosis ... Dizziness #Vertigo #Neurology
Causes of Tremors - Movement Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Action Tremor - Occurs During Voluntary Muscle
• Cerebellar Disease ... stroke, multiple sclerosis ... Tremor - Occurs at Rest ... • Parkinson's Disease ... MovementDisorders #Neurology
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Summary
ALS: combination of the clinical examination finding of amyotrophy with the pathologic
Pathophysiology ... Presentation: - Disease ... course of the disease ... diagnosis column Treatment ... #neurology #diagnosis