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Beginner's Guide to End-Tital Capnography
4 Phases of the Capnoqram
I - Inspiration and expiration Of dead space
II
ventilated alveoli Ill ... of inspiration Uses ... #Diagnosis #PCC ... Capnography #Capnogram #Patterns ... #Waveform #Interpretation
Abnormal Liver Function Tests - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm for Transaminitis
Hepatocellular Pattern (ALT or AST > ALP):
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Hepatocellular Pattern ... NAFLD, Others • Mild ... dz Cholestatic Pattern ... Transaminitis #Algorithm
Capnography
Measurement of exhaled carbon dioxide can be used to confirm ETT placement, for safer procedural sedation,
• PETCO2 - End-tidal ... The Capnograph waveform ... ventilation • Phase Ill ... #Capnography #interpretation ... #waveforms #patterns
Basics of Waveform Capnography
Waveform capnography assesses ventilation by monitoring exhaled carbon dioxide
Can use measurement and morphology
C02 (PECO2) • Abnormal ... peak, not end-tidal ... surface - Pattern ... #Capnography #interpretation ... #patterns #diagnosis
Elevated Liver Enzymes - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Severe ALT > 15x ULN
 • Viral
 • Drugs/Toxins
 •
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... NAFLD • Others Mild ... disease US — Normal ... Bile Ducts • PSC ... #Causes
Intrapartum Abnormal Fetal HR Tracing - Causes of Variability & Decelerations - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Minimal/Absent Variability
Intrapartum Abnormal ... Fetal HR Tracing - Causes ... > 25 bpm): • Mild ... hypoxia Sinusoidal Pattern ... #Causes #Obstetrics
UCSF COVID-19 Adult Clinical Evaluation Guide - Updated April 10 2020

Clinical Presentation
• Fever: hospitalized pts but
Cardiac: multiple case ... incr in 27-75% • PCT ... (CRP, D-dimer, IL ... UCSF COVID-19 ID ... Guide #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Fluid Responsiveness and Fluid Tolerance Testing - OnePager Summary
Fluid resuscitation can be beneficial when required or
measurement of CO via a PAC ... • END TIDAL CO2 ... cardiac output causes ... PULMONARY A vs B-LINE PATTERN ... predominant lung US pattern
Authors: Mark M. Ramzy, DO, EMT-P (@MarkRamzyDO, EM Resident Physician, Drexel University, Department of Emergency Medicine)
A 39-year-old ... chest radiograph pattern ... defaulting to a normal ... interpretation. ... Most commonly caused