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Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) - Basics
Mode of cardiopulmonary support used to treat pulmonary and/or cardiovascular failure
cardiovascular failure ... cardiopulmonary failure ... • Adjust ventilator ... with very low tidal ... clearance (ie, ventilation
Capnography
Measurement of exhaled carbon dioxide can be used to confirm ETT placement, for safer procedural sedation,
• PETCO2 - End-tidal ... The Capnograph waveform ... with alveolar ventilation ... #Capnography #interpretation ... #waveforms #patterns
Beginner's Guide to End-Tital Capnography
4 Phases of the Capnoqram
I - Inspiration and expiration Of dead space
II
Beginner's Guide to End-Tital ... with "shark fin" waveform ... because there's no ventilation ... with decreasing waveform ... #Interpretation
General schema for respiratory support in patients with COVID-19
Low flow nasal cannula
 • Typically set at
for respiratory support ... • Target tidal ... #respiratory #support ... criticalcare #hypoxia #failure ... #algorithm
Approach to Selecting Respiratory Support:
-The role of noninvasive respiratory support is generally to reduce the patient's
Selecting Respiratory Support ... pneumonia vs. heart failure ... CriticalCare #BiPAP #BiLevel ... #Noninvasive #Ventilation ... RespiratorySupport #Selection #Algorithm
Noninvasive Ventilation Summary
Positive pressure ventilation that is delivered through a nasal, mask, or helmet interface and
air trapping • Bilevel ... support augments ... inspiratory tidal ... oxygenation BIPAP - Bilevel ... • Supports oxygenation
Basics of Waveform Capnography
Waveform capnography assesses ventilation by monitoring exhaled carbon dioxide
Can use measurement and morphology
capnography assesses ventilation ... Capnography measures ventilation ... - Increasing level ... peak, not end-tidal ... #Capnography #interpretation
Proposed Respiratory Support Algorithm in COVID19

The ‘intubate early’ paradigm, where patients who “fail” low flow oxygen
Proposed Respiratory Support ... Algorithm in COVID19 ... the mechanical ventilation ... criticalcare #hypoxia #failure ... #algorithm
Prone Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (P-CPR)
 - Confirm cardiac arrest
 - Shout for help
 - Commence prone CPR
(Mid-thoracic level ... Advanced Life Support ... (End tidal CO2 / ... Arrest #CPR #PCPR #algorithm
Instructions for Proper Office Blood Pressure Measurement
Conditions
 • Quiet room with comfortable temperature.
 • Before measurements:
mid-arm at heart level ... ; back supported ... flat on floor (Figure ... Interpretation