39 results
Stress Fracture: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Abnormal biomechanics, Repetitive impact activities
=> Repetitive subthreshold mechanical loading
=> Bone strain
=>
mechanical loading => Bone ... strain => Bone ... StressFractures #msk ... #orthopedics #pathophysiology ... #symptoms #signs
Spondylolysis & Spondylolisthesis: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Pars interarticularis stress fracture (spondylolysis) - most frequently in the
interarticularis stress fracture ... XR — scotty dog sign ... Spondylolisthesis #MSK ... #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Femoral Head Fracture: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Posterior hip dislocation -> Impaction force from femoral
tear a portion of bone ... onto lateral hip Signs ... #msk #diagnosis ... #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Triquetral Fracture
The triquetrum is the second most commonly fractured carpal bone. Look for the "pooping duck
carpal bone. ... "pooping duck sign ... "pooping duck sign ... Radiology #XRay #Diagnosis ... Orthopedics #Sports #MSK
RADIAL HEAD FRACTURE 
Radial head fractures are the most common elbow fracture in adults and are
RADIAL HEAD FRACTURE ... posterior) and bone ... anterior sail sign ... Radiology #XRay #Diagnosis ... #Orthopedics #MSK
Diagram of different types of bone tumors that can occur around the knee on XRay -
blade of grass sign ... island • Stress fracture ... Chondrosarcoma • Stress fracture ... #Tumors #Diagnosis ... Radiology #XRay #msk
Causes of Dizziness - Vertigo - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
True Vertigo - Illusion of Rotary Movement
Peripheral Vestibular
- Differential Diagnosis ... Media • Temporal Bone ... Fracture Central ... symptoms/signs, ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Supracondylar Elbow Fracture
• Most common elbow fracture in children, peak age 5-7 
• When looking at
posterior) and bone ... anterior sail sign ... can't make A-OK sign ... Radiology #XRay #Diagnosis ... #Orthopedics #MSK
Multiple Sclerosis - Summary

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-mediated neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system
Clonus, Babinski’s sign ... • Lhermitte’s sign ... pupillary defect SIGNS ... Signs and symptoms ... criteria for MS
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
Symptoms: Commonly no signs ... easily/weakness, Bone ... /joint pain Psychiatric ... Hyperparathyroidism #diagnosis ... Secondary #Tertiary #pathophysiology