13 results
Fecal Incontinence - Pathogenesis and Complications
Continence mechanisms are impaired
 • Local neuronal damage
 • External and
Pathogenesis and Complications ... mechanisms are intact ... diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel ... syndrome, laxatives ... #pathophysiology
Alzheimer’s Disease: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Risk factor for Late Onset Alzheimer's (99% of cases):
 - Increasing
mutations - Down syndrome ... chromosome 21) Signs ... / Symptoms / Complications ... AlzheimersDisease #Dementia #pathophysiology ... #geriatrics #diagnosis
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
Cauda Equina Syndrome ... Causes: • Large ... / Symptoms / Complications ... soon as bladder/bowel ... #MSK #pathophysiology
Peri-operative Hyperthermia - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
If prolonged or ≥ 39 C this is a
devices, especially infants ... hyperthermia crisis (late sign ... • Traumatic brain ... #Differential #Causes ... Checklist #Diagnosis #Management
21-Hydroxylase Deficiency (21-OHD): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Autosomal recessive mutation in CYP21A2 coding for the enzyme 21-OHase
enzyme 21-OHase causes ... deficiencies present in infants ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... #21HydroxylaseDeficiency #21OHD #pathophysiology ... endocrinology #peds #pediatrics
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology ... high WBC count cause ... limb ischemia, bowel ... WBC >100k, + lab signs ... TLS #diagnosis #management
Abnormalities in Rate and Rhythm of Breathing 
Normal 
The respiratory rate is about 14—20 per min
44 per min in infants ... disease, pleuritic chest ... punctuated by frequent sighs ... hyperventilation syndrome—a ... Occasional sighs
Uncommon Causes of Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema (NCPE) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

High Altitude Pulmonary Edema:
 • Accumulation
• Traumatic brain ... infiltrates on chest ... • Signs/Symptoms ... scattered crackles, chest ... volume, decreased bowel
Newborn Infant - Routine Examination

Birthweight, gestational age and birthweight percentile are noted.
General observation Of the baby's
Newborn Infant - ... is also a late sign ... Breathing and chest ... are observed for signs ... Examination #Peds #Pediatrics
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
Diagnosis and Management ... survival is 93-95% Pathophysiology ... symptoms are not caused ... dyspnea, cough, chest ... #Signs #Symptoms