13 results
Hyperaldosteronism - Etiologies of Mineralocorticoid Excess

Primary Hyperaldosteronism (Normal or Low Renin, High Aldosterone) 
 - Aldosterone-secreting
Mineralocorticoid Excess Primary ... - Congenital adrenal ... hyperplasia Secondary ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Table
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis and Screening Testing
Common causes: 
 • Renal parenchymal disease
Causes of Secondary ... - Differential Diagnosis ... (correction of hypokalemia ... Causes #Screening #Workup ... #table
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
Diagnosis Poor ... Ureterosigmoidostomy Urinary ... Mineralocorticoid excess - Renal ... #Low #Potassium ... #Table #Classification
Adrenal Insufficiency Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Clinical suspicion: Weakness, fatigue, nausea, musculoskeletal pain, dizziness, volume depletion, abdominal pain,
Differential Diagnosis ... hyponatremia, hyperkalemia ... baseline ACTH - Primary ... • Low or normal ... baseline ACTH - Secondary
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Hypokalemia Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... R - Primary aldosteronism ... High Al, High R - Secondary ... Syndrome, Congenital Adrenal
Etiologies of Hypoaldosteronism

Hyporeninemic Hypoaldosteronism (Low Renin, Low Aldosterone)
 - Diabetic Nephropathy 
 - NSAIDs
Non-Hyporeninemic Hypoaldosteronism (Normal
Chronic heparin - Primary ... adrenal insufficiency ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Aldosterone #Comparison ... #Table #Causes
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
inhibitors - Primary ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Low #Magnesium ... #Table #Classification ... #Causes #Workup
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency:
 • ACTH stimulation test - Synthetic ACTH does not stimulate cortisol secretion because
Primary Adrenal ... aldosterone - Low ... autoimmune-mediated primary ... Evaluation #laboratory #diagnosis ... endocrinology #workup
Adrenal Insufficiency - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency:
Most Common Cause in the US: Autoimmune Adrenalitis
Other
Management Summary Primary ... Hyperkalemia is ... Hyperpigmentation is absent (low ... Insufficiency #Primary ... #Secondary #Diagnosis
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
Hypothyroidism, Adrenal ... Present (Uosm ≥100): Hypovolemia ... water intake (Primary ... #differential #diagnosis ... #table #sodium