13 results
Diagnosis and Management of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

Definition
Presentation
Medical Management
Extraesophageal Symptoms
Long-Term PPI Issues
Diagnosis Algorithm
Refractory GERD
Surgical and Endoscopic
Diagnosis and Management ... Gastroesophageal Reflux ... Disease (GERD) ... Extraesophageal Symptoms ... Gastroesophageal #Reflux
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) - Summary

GERD: Diagnosis
• Heartburn (substernal burning sensation) and acid regurgitation
• Chest pain
Extraesophageal
Gastroesophageal Reflux ... Testing Ambulatory reflux ... reduction • Avoid “trigger ... Gastroesophageal #Reflux ... Disease #diagnosis #management
Diabetes Insipidus vs Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH (SIADH) - Comparison Table

Diabetes Insipidus - Inadequate ADH
SIADH -
ADH (SIADH) - Comparison ... Insipidus #SIADH #Comparison ... #Table #Pathophysiology ... #Signs #Symptoms ... #Diagnosis #Endocrinology
GERD and Recommended Lifestyle Modifications
 • Avoid fatty meals
 • Avoid carbonated beverages
 • Avoid citrus,
GERD and Recommended ... citrus, if it triggers ... symptoms • Eat ... #reflux #acid # ... Modifications #management
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
Tertiary Lab Comparison ... Phosphate Physical Symptoms ... pain Psychiatric Symptoms ... Hyperparathyroidism #diagnosis #endocrinology ... Secondary #Tertiary #pathophysiology
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology ... hyperviscosity syndrome • Triggers ... Lysis Syndrome: • Pathophysiology ... into serum • Triggers ... TLS #diagnosis #management
Efficacy of lifestyle interventions for GERD
Weight loss:
 - Improvement of GERD symptoms and esophageal pH
 -
symptoms and esophageal ... esophageal pH and symptoms ... acidity but not symptoms ... symptoms Cessation ... #reflux #management
Esophageal Necrosis
Etiology:
 - Ischemia and Gastric Outlet Obstruction with GERD may be inciting events
 - Associated
Obstruction with GERD ... injury (by acid reflux ... promote esophageal reflux ... melena - Other GI symptoms ... Necrosis #diagnosis #management
Differentiation Syndrome in APML
Epidemiology:
 • Incidence: common in APL (2-48% depending on the study)
 • Triggers:
the study) • Triggers ... ATRA treatment Pathophysiology ... Diagnosis: >3 symptoms ... APML #diagnosis #management
Menstrual Cycle Physiology: Correlating the Ovarian and Uterine Cycles
Note: Some charts show different relative levels of
can vary) • Triggered ... #OvarianCycle #pathophysiology ... #comparison #endocrinology