107 results
Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) Elevation - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

ALP:
 - Enzymes that catalyze hydrolysis of organic phosphate
) Elevation - Differential ... - Highest • Bone ... Most common symptoms ... symptoms - Pain ... #Elevation #Differential
Low Alkaline Phosphatase - Hypophosphatasia 

Is Low Alkaline Phosphatase Of Clinical Importance?

ALP enzyme- Discovered in 1923
Low
• softening of bones ... of feet, thigh bones ... : Inhibitor of bone ... collection with EDTA Pathophysiology ... mineralization Symptoms
Liver Chemistries - Interpretation of LFTs

R-value: Serum (ALT/ULN ALT) / (Alk phos/ULN ALP)
 • R >
Cholestasis • ALP ... disease • If ALP ... • Elevation of ALP ... : Bone, First trimester ... chemistry #diagnosis #differential
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
Phosphate Physical Symptoms ... signs, Fragile bones ... easily/weakness, Bone ... pain Psychiatric Symptoms ... Secondary #Tertiary #pathophysiology
Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy (AFLP)
Pathophysiology:
 • Defect in fetal free fatty acid metabolism products →
of Pregnancy (AFLP ... ) Pathophysiology ... postpartum): • Initial symptoms ... infiltration) Differential ... diagnosis #management #pathophysiology
Stress Fracture: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Abnormal biomechanics, Repetitive impact activities
=> Repetitive subthreshold mechanical loading
=> Bone strain
=>
mechanical loading => Bone ... strain => Bone ... #orthopedics #pathophysiology ... #symptoms #signs
Acute Liver Injury - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Vascular Causes of Acute Liver Injury: 
 • Hepatic vein:
Liver Injury - Differential ... GGT/5-NT: ↑ - ALP ... hemolysis) • ALP ... : Bone, first trimester ... injury #hepatitis #differential
Osteoporosis: Pathogenesis and risk factors

 • Age > 30 (post-peak bone mass)
 • Post-menopausal women ->
30 (post-peak bone ... Decr estrogen • Bone ... #Osteoporosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Leukemias Overview: ALL, CML, AML, APML, CLL

Acute leukemias > 20% blasts in the peripheral blood smear
blood smear or on bone ... rapid onset of symptoms ... chronic onset of symptoms ... Symptoms: • Malaise ... thrombocytosis) CML Symptoms
Abnormal liver function tests algorithm.
 This figure details the initial response to abnormal liver blood tests.
Boxes in yellow ... suspicious clinical symptoms ... box indicates all ... ALP, alkaline phosphatase ... Liver #Enzymes #Differential