31 results
Retinoblastoma: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Sporadic mutation -> One allele of RB1 tumor suppressor gene
/ Complications ... Retinoblastoma #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms
Diagnostic Algorithm for Dizziness and Vertigo
Peripheral Vertigo:
 • Attacks: Sudden, severe, can last anywhere from seconds
Diagnostic Algorithm ... No auditory symptoms ... Long symptom-free ... #differential #diagnosis ... #neurology
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
-> Cotton-wool Spots ... #Retinopathy #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #complications
Xeropthalmia: Pathogenesis and Ocular Manifestations

Decr Visual pigment -> Keratinization, thickening & non-wetting of the conjunctiva
conjunctiva) • Bitot's spots ... #Xeropthalmia #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms
Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Mild Non-proliferative DR
 • Outpouchings of the weakened capillary walls or
-> Cotton-wool spots ... Retinopathy #Diabetes #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #complications ... #pathophysiology
Causes of Peripheral and Central Vertigo
PERIPHERAL VERTIGO
1. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) - Short-lived (typically less
vertigo (BPPV) - Short-lived ... with significant neurologic ... attacks with varying neurologic ... #differential #diagnosis ... #neurology
Aphasia - Pathophysiology and Clinical Findings
Broca's Aphasia - Expressive language impairment: non-Fluent
 - Sensory speech areas
Aphasia - Pathophysiology ... deficits #Aphasia #Pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #Brocas ... #Wernickes #neurology
Neurological Manifestations of Tuberculosis
Spinal Arachnoiditis & Polyradiculopathy:
 • Subacute onset of limb weakness, bladder/bowel dysfunction, muscle
Worsening of previous neurologic ... symptoms, fever ... • Usually is a complication ... #Tuberculosis #diagnosis ... differential #TB #neurology
Mixed Urinary Incontinence: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Urgency Urinary Incontinence (UUI) -> Urinary leakage preceded by a
Incr PVR if a complication ... Incontinence #Mixed #Pathophysiology ... #Signs #Symptoms ... #Urology #Diagnosis
Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) - Clinical Manifestations
 • Optic neuritis: Reduced visual acuity, ranging from mild to
pain • Extra-CNS complications ... Manifestations #diagnosis ... #neurology #symptoms