11 results
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid 
ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
Hyponatremia Differential ... water retention 1) ... Serum Osmolarity 2) ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Hypernatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Diabetes Insipidus Workup

Step #1 - Consider the history
Step #2 - Assess
Hypernatremia Differential ... Workup Step #1 ... history Step #2 ... Management #Algorithm #Sodium ... #nephrology #insipidus
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis ... Workup Algorithm 1) ... renal mechanism 2) ... #Differential # ... #sodium
Hyponatremia Diagnostic Algorithm
1) Check serum osmolality
2) Check urine osmolality
3) ADH Dependent - Check volume status, urine
Algorithm 1) Check ... serum osmolality 2) ... status, urine sodium ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #differential ... nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis and Treatment
Hypernatremia is almost always due to unreplaced water loss (free water
output is a clue). 1) ... , Dehydration: neurologic ... water unavailable 2) ... ([Na] / 140) - 1) ... #sodium
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
approach to the differential ... 1) Is it hypotonic ... 2) Is ADH elevated ... #Differential # ... #sodium
Antinuclear Antibody Testing - Nuclear and Cytoplasmic Patterns
Nuclear Patterns:
 • Homogeneous pattern: 
   -
phenomenon, SjS, cancer ... -100, PML, NXP-2 ... phenomenon - EJ, Jo-1, ... body-like: - Neurologic ... Cytoplasmic #Patterns #differential
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm in Cancer
UOsm ≥ 100 mOsm/kg = Urine is inappropriately concentrated for hypotonic
Hyponatremia Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm in Cancer ... CAR-T- and IL-2- ... adrenalitis; PD-1 ... #Differential #
Primary Polydipsia
Definition: Excessive volitional water intake
Epidemiology:
 • 6-20% of patients with psychiatric disorders - Most commonly
• Symptomatic hyponatremia ... occurs in only 2- ... hypothalamic thirst center ... diabetes insipidus Differential ... , Urine Sodium
Giant cell arteritis (GCA)

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) definition: Most common systemic inflammatory vasculitis in older adults
with systemic, neurologic ... Involves large and medium ... very remarkable w/differential ... mg per day or 1 ... Start steroids if concern