22 results
Pathyophysiology - hyperglycemic crises in patients with diabetes 
Key signs/symptoms of HHS/DKA:
Both: Polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss,
hyperglycemic crises ... diabetes Key signs/symptoms ... of HHS/DKA: Both ... (dry MM, skin turgor ... , N/V, diffuse abdominal
Acute and Chronic Causes of Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis
Pulmonary/Chest Wall:
 • Acute: Trauma, COPD exacerbation, Asthma
Causes of Dyspnea ... ILD, Sarcoid, Tumor ... , Intra-abdominal ... monoxide poisoning, DKA ... #Chronic #Causes
Chronic Abdominal Pain Causes - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Many patients with chronic abdominal pain have had prior
potentially be an acute ... changes • Urinary symptoms ... Recurrent: Consider tumor ... • Budd-Chiari syndrome ... aneurysms • Acute
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Pre-Renal:
 • Hypovolemia, Cardiorenal, Distributive Shock, HRS, Hypercalcemia, Renal
Acute Kidney Injury ... Artery Stenosis, Abdominal ... Compartment Syndrome ... • Obstruction (Tumor ... Diagnosis #nephrology #causes
Rare Causes of Abdominal Pain
 • Hereditary Angioneurotic Edema - Recurrent visceral that may by swelling
Rare Causes of Abdominal ... by serositis • Acute ... - May involve symptoms ... neuropsychiatric symptoms ... arcuate ligament syndrome
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Acute Kidney Injury ... osmolarity If cause ... Anti-GBM, Anti-ds-DNA ... renal biopsy • Abdominal ... compartment syndrome
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
high WBC count cause ... Dehydration • Symptoms ... changes, stroke symptoms ... - ACS, AKI, acute ... burden • Symptoms
Signs and Symptoms Associated With Different Headache Etiologies
 • Nonfocal mental status changes - Meningitis, encephalitis,
Signs and Symptoms ... vasoconstriction syndrome ... bleed, abscess, or tumor ... vasoconstriction syndrome ... headache #signs #symptoms
Adrenal Crisis
Do not confuse acute adrenal crisis with Addison disease. In 1855, Thomas Addison described a
Do not confuse acute ... Addison described a syndrome ... as the primary symptoms ... In contrast, an acute ... with vomiting, abdominal
Leukemias Overview: ALL, CML, AML, APML, CLL

Acute leukemias > 20% blasts in the peripheral blood smear
-> AML: Blast crises ... , weight loss, abdominal ... develop leukostasis syndrome ... Fibrinolysis & DIC • Tumor ... lysis syndrome: