12 results
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Urine chloride < 20 mmol/l - Chloride responsive (Chloride
Causes of Metabolic ... Alkalosis - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... depletion): • Vomiting ... #Alkalosis #Causes
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
Metabolic Alkalosis ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Gastrointestinal (Vomiting ... acidosis: Diabetic ... #causes #urinary
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Metabolic Alkalosis ... Gastrointestinal: Vomiting ... acidosis • Diabetic ... the indicated causes ... #differential #diagnosis
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm
Acidosis
 - RTA
 - Diarrhea
pH Normal 
 1. Decreased Mg 
 2. Intracellular Shift
Vomiting 2. ... Metabolic alkalosis ... Differential #Algorithm #Diagnosis ... #Causes #Workup ... #Nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... Diagnosis ECF ... : vomiting/ nasogastric ... #Diagnosis #Causes ... #nephrology
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ... To prevent hypokalemia ... Due to neuronal metabolism ... Polyphagia • Polyuria ... , vomiting (Incr
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Renal losses, Diuretic ... tubal acidosis and metabolic ... alkalosis, Ketonuria ... Extrarenal losses, Vomiting ... #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
alkalosis • Normal ... Hypochloremic metabolic ... Surreptitious vomiting ... Gitelman #Syndrome #diagnosis ... #nephrology #management
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
wasting from other causes ... Alkalosis: Emesis ... RTA, Distal RTA, DKA ... #diagnosis #Algorithm ... differential #potassium #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis ... GI Losses: - Vomiting ... #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #nephrology