11 results
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Diagnosis and Management Summary

Symptoms:
• Abdominal pain
• Nausea
• Polyuria
• Polydipsia
• Vomiting
• Weight loss
•
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ... Abdominal pain • Nausea ... • Polyuria • ... Polydipsia • Vomiting ... #Diabetic #Ketoacidosis
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Diagnosis and Management Summary

Symptoms:
• Abdominal pain
• Nausea
• Polyuria
• Polydipsia
• Vomiting
• Weight loss
•
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ... Abdominal pain • Nausea ... • Polyuria • ... Polydipsia • Vomiting ... #Diabetic #Ketoacidosis
Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Urine Output > 3L /day
Water Diuresis (Urine Osm <100 mOsm/kg)
 • Primary
Polyuria - Differential ... <100 mOsm/kg) ... solute load #Polyuria ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... #nephrology
DKA DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA:
1. Serum glucose >250 mg/dL
2. Arterial pH <7.3
3. Serum bicarbonate <18 mEq/L
4. At least
cases occur in ... Alcoholic ketoacidosis ... with anorexia, vomiting ... early signs of ketoacidosis ... vomiting, abdominal
Typical Clinical Features of DKA:
 - 
Acetone breath 
 - Tachycardia 
 - Soft Bp
Clinical Features of DKA ... respirations - Nausea ... /vomifing - Abdominal ... pain - Polyuria ... Diagnosis #Diabetic #Ketoacidosis
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Polyuria - Urine Output > 3L/day, Increased Urine Volume (>2ml/min)
Osmotic
Causes of Polyuria ... Loss - DDAVP -> Uosm ... Insipidus - DDAVP -> Uosm ... #Nephrology #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ... osmotic diuresis & vomiting ... out of cells may cause ... Polyphagia • Polyuria ... , vomiting (Incr
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Defining the cause ... Ureterosigmoidostomy, Diabetic ketoacidosis ... • Vomiting, Nasogastric ... #nephrology #potassium
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Gastrointestinal: Vomiting ... • Starvation ketoacidosis ... • Alcoholic ketoacidosis ... the indicated causes ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
failure (uremia) K Ketoacidosis ... Acetazolamide Causes ... Alkalosis: - Vomiting ... - Salicylates Causes ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology